A
acacia (Acacia spp.): 193–4, 250, 256; bull’s horn, 193; swollen-
thorn, 193
acouchy (Myroprocta spp.): 331
adaptation: 88, 96, 117–9, 121, 157, 161, 173, 189, 213, 215,
229–30, 250, 367
adaptive radiation: 120–5, 172, 277, 288, 297, 320, 345, 356
agave: 256
agouti: 37, 39, 48, 58, 62–3, 102, 144, 150, 156, 163, 216, 322,
329–31, 367, 370; Central American (Dasyprocta punctata),
62–3, 330. See also rodent
agriculture: 27, 75, 87, 95, 97, 102, 255, 316, 365–71, 376–8,
380, 385–7; crops, 369–70; large-scale, 366, 371, 387;
nonindigenous farmers, 370; slash-and-burn (swidden),
111, 366, 369–70; tropical soils and, 87; successional crop
system, 111
aguajale: 213. See also palm, Moriche
air plant: 33, 40, 50, 52–3. See also epiphyte
Alder, Andean (Alnus acuminata): 385
alfisols: 85–6
algae: 56, 88, 169, 245, 336–7
algae: 56, 88, 169, 245, 336–7,
alkaloid: 83, 90, 186, 188–9, 191–2, 196, 357, 373–5
alligator: 217–8; American (Alligator mississippiensis), 17, 218.
See also crocodile
Alpaca (Lama guanicoe pacos): 248
Alta Floresta, Brazil: 325, 381
altiplano: 129, 243–5
Amacuro Delta: 207
Amazon (River): 23, 25, 34, 83, 90, 93, 115, 129–30, 205,
207–10, 213
amazon [bird]: 283. See also parrot
Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research
(ACEER): 23–4
Amazon(ia): 9, 12, 18, 20, 23, 27, 65, 86–7, 93, 129, 131, 205,
212–3, 384; Basin, 9, 18, 30–1, 130, 205, 208, 213, 239, 243,
383; Basin: climate in, 30, 32–3, 83; deforestation in, 27,
378–80, 383–5; drought, 78–9; fire in, 103; fish in, 169, 228;
forests, 39, 76–7, 87, 169; human occupation of, 365–8;
Planalto, 86: precipitation (rainfall), 27, 30–3, 78, 83, 383;
primates in, 380, 385; soils, 83, 85–8, 103, 252; species
richness in, 134–6; succession, 98, 102–3
amino acid: 47, 174, 176, 191, 193; canavanine, 191, L-DOPA,
191; proline, 174; tyrosine, 174
amphibian: 133, 136, 138, 150, 186, 346, 355–7
anaconda: 180, 215–6, 342, 350; Green (Eunectes murinus),
216, 257, 351; Yellow (Eunectes notaeus), 216–7
Andagoya, Colombia: 33
Andes (Mountains): 19, 37, 102, 115, 128–31, 141, 208–10,
235–6, 243–8, 365–6, 375; and geographic isolation, 129;
soils in, 85, 90; source of Amazon, 207
Angel Falls: 206–7
Angel, J.: 206
Ani: Greater (Crotophaga major), 222, 293; Smooth-billed
(Crotophaga ani), 293. See also cuckooanole: 352–3; Anolis, 150–1, 352; Berthold’s Bush (Polychrus
gutturosus), 355; Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis), 151;
Green Tree (Norops biporcatus), 353; Slender (Norops
limifrons; N. fuscoauratus), 353. See also lizard; iguana
ant followers: 281, 300, 302. See also antbird
ant-plants (myrmecophytes): 192
ant: Acromyrmex, 175; army (Eciton burchelli; Labidus
praedator), 26, 145, 177–9; Atta, 175–7, 191; Azteca, 109–10,
193; fungus garden (Atta cephalotes), 62, 174–7, 179,
191; Giant Tropical or Bullet (Paraponera clavata), 358;
leaf-cutter, 24, 39–40, 62, 110, 174–7, 189; Pseudomyrmex
ferruginea, 193–4
antbird: 145,177–9, 263, 281, 289, 297, 300–3; Bicolored
(Gymnopithys bicolor), 301–2; Blackish (Cercomacra
nigrescens), 129–30; Chestnut-backed (Poliocrania
[Myrmeciza] exsul), 66; Dusky (Cercomacra tyrannina),
129–30; Formicariidae, 178, 297, 300–1; Myrmotherula,
300; Ocellated (Phaenostictus mcleannani), 178, 303;
Spotted (Hylophylax naevioides), 144, 301; typical
(Thamnophilidae), 178, 297, 300–1; White-cheeked
(Gymnopithys leucapsis), 178, 302
anteater: 92, 150, 335, 337–8; Giant (Myrmecophaga tridactyla),
159–60, 257, 338; Silky or Pygmy (Cyclopes didactylus), 338.
See also tamandua
antpitta: 239, 263, 297, 300–3; Chestnut-crowned (Grallaria
ruficapilla), 302; Chestnut-naped (Grallaria nuchalis), 297;
Giant (Grallaria gigantea), 238; Jocotoco (Grallaria ridgelyi),
136; Streak-chested (Hylopezus perspicillatus), 302; Tawny
(Grallaria quitensis), 246
antshrike: 300; Barred (Thamnophilus doliatus), 301;
Black-throated (Frederickena viridis), 382; Castelnau’s
(Thamnophilus cryptoleucus), 146; fly-catching
(Thamnomanes), 301; Great (Taraba major), 301
antthrush: 263, 297, 300–1; Black-faced (Formicarius analis),
301–2; Rufous-breasted (Formicarius rufipectus), 301
antvireo, 300
antwren: 300; Amazonian Streaked (Myrmotherula
multostriata), 300; Dot-winged (Microrhopias quixensis),- See also antbird
anuran: 60, 136, 239, 355–7. See also frog; toad
aposematic (warning) coloration: 185–7, 198, 202–3
aracari (Pteroglossus): 16, 24, 62, 109, 163, 186, 273, 275;
Collared (Pteroglossus torquatus), 274, 293; Pale-mandibled
(Pteroglossus erythropygius), 274. See also toucan; toucanet
Arapaima or Pirarucu (Arapaima arapaima): 228
arecife: 251
Argentina: 18, 244, 247–8, 250, 292
Arima Valley, Trinidad: 22, 72, 149, 287
armadillo: 37, 131–2, 335, 338; Giant (Priodontes maximus),
338; Nine-banded (Dasypus novemcinctus), 131, 338
Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum): 228
arrested litter: 88
arrow poison: 186, 357, 367, 372, 374
arthropod: 26, 81, 110, 137–8, 143, 150, 190, 194, 213, 228,
288–9, 322, 324, 326, 336, 363–4, 367
Index
further reading 417