manatee: 213–4, 370; Amazonian (Trichechus inunguis), 214;
West Indian (Trichechus manatus), 214
Manaus, Brazil: 25, 30, 33, 89–90, 105, 135, 169, 205, 207, 209,
325, 370, 380, 384
mango [hummingbird]: 276; Black-throated (Anthracothorax
nigricollis), 172. See also hummingbird
mango [plant]: 210, 282
mangrove: 17, 188, 213, 229–32, 383; Black (Avicennia
germinans), 230–32; Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus),
231; forest (or mangal), 43, 91, 207, 229–30, 322, 383;
Red (Rhizophora mangle), 229–32; White (Laguncularia
racemosa), 231–2
manioc or sweet potato (Manihot esculenta): 111, 190, 210, 365,
369–70
mantis (family Mantidae): 91, 184
Manú National Park: 380,
maple: 32, 40, 45, 85, 134,
Mara (Dolichotis patagonum): 261. See also rodent
Margay (Leopardus wiedii): 147–8, 343
marsupial. See opossum
Martin, M. M., 176
Martin, P., 118
martin: 221; Gray-breasted (Progne chalybea), 220; Purple
(Progne subis), 221, 317. See also swallow
Massenerhebung effect: 245
mata (tree grove): 256
Matamata (Chelus fimbriata): 219
Mato Grosso, Brazil: 376, 378–9
Matte. See Tegu, Common
Maya / Mayan: 37, 47, 102–3, 123, 366–7, 375
Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum): 373
Mendoza, Argentina: 244
Mendoza, E.: 380
Mesozoic era: 128, 206, 216, 225
mestizo: 370, 373
Mexico: 16–8, 26, 32, 102, 110, 256,
Miconia (Melasomataceae): 57, 108, 148–9, 254, 281, 288
migration: 156–7, 177, 308, 316, 318; elevational or altitudinal,
242
milkweed: 198–9
Miller, B.: 121
millipede: 138, 190, 358, 363; Nyssodesmus spp., 190
milpa: 369
Milton, K.: 196, 328,
mimicry: 64, 187, 197, 199–202, 350, 360; Batesian, 199–202;
Müllerian, 202. See also cryptic coloration
miner: 298
mineral cycling: 87
minerals: 53, 55, 73, 81–8, 90, 99, 111, 192, 192, 204, 252,
369–70, 377
Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project: 380. See
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP)
mining: 377; gold, 368
Miocene: 139, 141, 253,
mistletoe (Loranthaceae): 54, 281, 307mite: 337, 389, See also chiggers
mollusk: 138–9, 259. See also bivalve; snail
monkey: 320–9; Bearded Capuchin, 321; bearded saki
(Chiropotes spp.), 324; Black Howler (Alouatta caraya),
326–7; Black Spider (Ateles paniscus), 325; Black-striped
Capuchin (Sapajus [Cebus] libidinosus), 321; Black Tufted-
ear Marmoset (Callithrix penicillata), 328; Black Uakari
(Cacajao hosomi), 324; Bolivian Red Howler (Alouatta
sara), 326; Brazilian Brown Titi (Callicebus brunneus),
320; Brown Bearded Saki (Chiropotes chiropotes), 324;
Brown Howler (Alouatta guariba), 326; Brown Capuchin
(Sapajus [Cebus] apella), 321; Brown Titi (Callicebus
urubambensis), 320; capuchin (Cebus spp.), 65, 151, 320,
322, 325, 380; Central American Spider (Ateles geoffroyi),
324; Central American Squirrel (Saimiri oerstedii), 323;
Common Squirrel (Saimiri sciureus), 322–3; Common
Woolly (Lagothrix lagothricha), 326; Dusky Titi (Callicebus
moloch), 322; Emperor Tamarin (Saguinus imperator), 328;
Geoffroy’s Spider (Ateles geoffroyi), 196; Geoffroy’s Tamarin
(Saguinus geoffroyi), 65, 329; Goeldi’s (Callimico goeldii),
322, 329; Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia),
27, 329; Guianan Red Howler (Alouatta mcconnelli), 326;
Guianan Saki (Pithecia pithecia), 324; howler (Alouatta
spp.), 195–6, 320, 322, 326–7; Humboldt’s White-fronted
Capuchin (Cebus albifrons), 16, 321; Mantled Howler
(Alouatta palliata), 195, 326; marmoset (Callithrix spp.),
15, 65, 320, 322, 328–9; Mexican Black Howler (Alouatta
pigra), 326; Midas Tamarin (Saguinus midas), 329; Milton’s
Titi (Callicebus miltoni), 320; night or douroucouli (Aotes
spp.), 100, 320, 323; Panamanian Night (Aotus zonalis), 323;
Pygmy Marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) 328; Red-handed
Howler (Alouatta belzebul), 326; Red Howler (Alouatta
seniculus), 326–7; Red Uakari, 323; Saddleback Tamarin
(Saguinus fusciocollis), 329; saki (Pithecia spp.), 24–5, 65,
118, 320, 322, 324; Southern Woolly Spider or Muriqui
(Brachyteles arachnoides), 325; spider (Ateles; Brachyteles
spp.), 324–5; Spix’s Night (Aotus vociferans), 322; squirrel
(Saimiri spp.), 323; tamarin (Saguinus; Leontopithecus
spp.), 15, 65, 322, 328–9; titi (Callicebus spp.), 322; uakari
(Cacajao spp.), 320, 322–4; White Uakari (Cacajao c.
calvus), 323; White-bellied Spider (Ateles belzebuth), 324–5;
woolly (Lagothrix; Oreonax spp.), 326; Yellow-tailed Woolly
(Oreonax [Lagothrix] flavicauda), 326
Monteverde Cloud Forest, Costa Rica: 25, 162, 172, 236–7, 239,
242
Mora excelsa: 134
Moran, E.: 77
morphine: 188
Morton, E.: 152, 157
mosquito: 26, 55, 389–90. See also malaria
mosses: 32, 53, 56, 234, 236–7, 245, 256
moth: 13, 46, 64, 119, 171, 184, 195, 242, 296, 336, 360–2; Black
Witch (Ascalapha odorata), 361; False Sphinx (Pseudosphinx
tetrio), 187; Saffron Playboy (Xanthiris flaveolata), 13; Sloth
(Cryptoses choloepi), 336; urania (Urania spp.), 362
motmot: 59, 178, 199, 270–1, 278, 302; Blue-crowned
(Momotus momota), 270–1; Broad-billed (Electronindex index 425