platyrhynchum), 197; Rufous (Baryphthengus martii), 270;
To d y (Hylomanes momotula), 270; Turquoise-browed
(Eumomota superciliosa), 187; Whooping (Momotus
subrufescens), 60–1
mountains: 115; Maya 253–4; Parima, 207. See also Andes
Mountains; tepui
mouse: field, 132; House (Mus musculus), 330; spiny pocket
(Heteromys; Liomys), 332. See also rodent
Mt. Aconcagua: 244
Mt. Cotopaxi: 243
Mt. Darwin: 244
Mt. Mercedario: 244
Mt. Roraima: 206
Mt. Tupungato: 244
Müller, F.: 202
Müllerian bodies: 110, 193
Munn: C. A.: 281
mushroom: 84, 176, 365, 375
mutualism: 93, 155, 178–9; obligate, 88, 93, 176, 194
mycorrhizae: 53, 55, 82, 84, 87. See also fungi
myiasis: 390
N
National Indian Foundation: 368. See Fundação Nacional do
Indio (FUNAI)
National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian
Institution: 380
national parks: 378–9, 382–3
natural selection: 104, 113, 116–7, 120, 134, 188, 196, 337, 383
Naturalist on the River Amazons, The (Bates): 34
nectarivorous species: 122, 174, 281
Nepstad, D.: 383
net ecosystem productivity (NEP): 75–6
Nicaragua: 18, 236, 250, 252–3, 339
niche: ecological, 122, 145–50, 320; fundamental, 147;
partitioning, 146–7; realized, 147
Nicholaides, J. J.: 83, 87
nicotine: 188,
nighthawk: 296; Nacunda (Chordeiles nacunda), 295–6
nightjar: 125, 161–2, 184, 296; Laddertailed (Hydropsalis
climacocerca), 145, 296
nitrogen: 28, 74, 82, 88–9, 93, 176, 188, 206, 230, 361–2, 385;
fixation: 88–9
noanalog ecosystem: 28
Nobre, C.: 384
notoungulates: 132–3
nunbird: 289; Black-fronted (Monasa nigrifrons), 289–90,
See also puffbird
nutrient cycling: 79, 82–3, 87, 89, 93, 191
O
oak: 32, 35, 40, 45, 251; Southern Live (Quercus virginiana), 18
Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis): 61, 147–8, 150, 184, 343, 381
Oilbird (Steatornis caripensis): 22, 160–2, 165, 296
Oligocene: 141
Olingo (Bassaricyon gabbii): 339, 340–1
Omphalea spp.: 362
Oncilla (Leopardus tigrina): 343
opossum: 117, 119, 132, 345; bare-tailed (Monodelphis spp.)
335; bushy-tailed (Glironia spp.), 345; Central American
Woolly (Caluromys derbianus), 345; Common (Didelphis
marsupialis), 345; four-eyed (Philander, Metachirus spp.),
345; Mexican Mouse (Marmosa mexicana), 345; mouse
(Gracilinanus, Marmosa, Marmosops, Micoureus spp.), 345;
Virginia (Didelphis virginiana), 132; woolly (Caluromys
spp.), 345; Yapok or Water (Chironectes minimus), 345;
orchid (Orchidaceae): 24, 39, 41, 49, 53, 55–6, 171, 206, 236–7,
239, 245, 251; Sobralia, 55; Cattleya, 56; Vanilla, 56
Orellana, Francisco de: 365
Origin of Species, On the (Darwin): 12, 116, 138, 171
Orinoco River: 205–7, 209, 213, 256, 259, 270, 275, 348
oriole: 158, 171, 276, 297, 303, 306, 315–6; Baltimore (Icterus
galbula), 306, 316; Moriche (Icterus chrysocephalus), 212;
Orange-crowned (Icterus auricapillus), 59; Orchard (Icterus
spurius), 316. See also troupial
oropendola: 303–6; Dusky-green (Psarocolius atrovirens),
305; Montezuma (Psarocolius montezuma), 304–5; Russet-
backed (Psarocolius angustifrons), 304–6
Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus): 228
oscine birds: 297
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus): 221–4
otter: 215–6, 304; Giant (Pteronura brasiliensis), 215–6, 259,
341; Southern River (Lontra longicaudis), 216
Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla): 316
ovenbirds: 12, 67, 114–5, 144, 212, 263, 289, 297–9, 301–2.
owl: 239, 267, 312, 314; Black-and-white (Ciccaba nigrolineata),
145; Burrowing (Athene cunicularia), 250; Crested
(Lophostrix cristata), 314; Ferruginous Pygmy- (Glaucidium
brasilianum), 314; Mottled (Ciccaba virgata), 314; pygmy-
(Glaucidium spp.), 314; Spectacled (Pulsatrix perspicillata),
312, 314. See also owlet
Owlet, Long-whiskered (Xenoglaux loweryi): 238. See also owl
oxbow: 205, 212, 215, 219,
oxisol: 85–6, 252, 266P
paca: 37, 61, 144, 150, 159, 329–31, 367; Lowland (Cuniculus
paca), 69, 330–31; Mountain (Cuniculus taczanowskii), 331.
See also rodent
Pachystachys spp.: 46
Padre Island, Peru: 210
Paleocene: 141
Paleozoic era: 15
palm-swift, fork-tailed (Tachornis squamata): 212
palm: 39–40, 47, 49–50, 57, 88, 96, 101–2, 106, 111, 113, 156,
160, 162, 169, 191, 210, 213, 237, 250–1, 254, 257, 260, 270,
280, 284–5, 310, 326, 331, 333, 348, 369–70; Astrocaryum
jauari, 169; Astrocaryum murumura, 160; Coconut (Cocos
nucifera), 233; Moriche (Mauritia flexuosa), 212–3, 251, 365
palmcreeper: 298; Point-tailed (Berlepschia rikeri), 212
palmetto: 250–1, 254426 index index