ReferencesAyala, F.J. (1997) ‘Vagaries of the molecular clock’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA, 94:7776–83.
Ayala, F.J., Barrio, E. and Kwiatowski, J. (1996) ‘Molecular clock or erratic evolution? A tale of
two genes’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 93:11729–34.
Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Aubry, M.P. and Hardenbol, J. (eds) (1995) Geochronology, Time
Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlations, Tulsa, USA: SEPM, Special Publication no. 54,
Society for Sedimentary Geology.
Bousquet, J., Strauss, S.H., Doersken, A.H. and Price, R.A. (1992) ‘Extensive variation in
evolutionary rate of rbcL gene sequences among seed plants’, Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, USA, 89:7844–8.
Britten, R.J. (1986) ‘Rates of DNA sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups’, Science,
231:1393–8.
Culver, S.J. (1991) ‘Early Cambrian Foraminifera from West Africa’, Science, 254:689–91.
—— (1993) ‘Foraminifera’, in J.H.Lipps (ed.) Fossil Prokaryotes and Protists, Boston, MA: Blackwell,
pp. 203–47.
de Vargas, C. and Pawlowski, J. (1998) ‘Molecular versus taxonomic rates of evolution in
planktonic Foraminifera’, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9:463–9.
de Vargas, C., Zaninetti, L., Hilbrecht, H. and Pawlowski, J. (1997) ‘Phylogeny and rates of
molecular evolution of planktonic Foraminifera: SSU rDNA sequences compared to the fossil
record’, Journal of Molecular Evolution, 45:285–94.
de Vargas, C., Renaud, S., Hilbecht, H. and Pawlowski, J. (2001) ‘Pleistocene adaptive radiation in
Globorotalia truncatulinoides: genetic, morphologic, and environmental evidence’, Paleobiology,
27:104–25.
Friedrich, M. and Tautz, D. (1997) ‘An episodic change of rDNA nucleotide substitution rate has
occurred during the emergence of the insect order Diptera’, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14:
644–53.
Gillespie, J.H. (1984) ‘The molecular clock may be an episodic clock’, Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, USA, 81:8009–13.
—— (1993) ‘Episodic evolution of RNA viruses’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA,
90:10411–12.
Giribet, G. and Wheeler, W.C. (1999) ‘The position of arthropods in the animal kingdom:
Ecdysozoa, islands, trees, and the “parsimony ratchet”’, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,
13:619–23.
Goodman, M. (1981) ‘Decoding the pattern of protein evolution’, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular
Biology, 37:105–64.
Hillis, D.M., Mable, B.K. and Moritz, C. (1996) ‘Applications of molecular systematics: the state of
the field and a look to the future’, in D.M.Hillis, C.Moritz and B.K.Mable (eds) Molecular
Systematics, Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, pp. 515–43.
Hirt, R.P., Logsdon Jr., J.M., Healy, B., Dorey, M.W., Doolittle, W.F. and Embley, T.M. (1999)
‘Microsporidia are related to Fungi: evidence from the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II
and other proteins’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 96:580–5.
Hwang, U.W., Kim, W., Tautz, D. and Friedrich, M. (1998) ‘Molecular phylogenetics at the
Felsenstein zone: approaching the Strepsiptera problem using 5.8S and 28S rDNA sequences’,
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9:470–80.
118 JAN PAWLOWSKI AND CÉDRIC BERNEY