Wrestling with Nature From Omens to Science

(Romina) #1
Natural Knowledge in the Latin Middle Ages 111

Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia, ed. Thomas Glick, Steven J. Livesey, Faith
Wallis (New York: Routledge, 2005), 455–58.



  1. Giacinta Spinosa, “Neologismi aristotelici et neoplatonici nelle teorie medievali
    della conoscenza: alteratio, alteritas, sensitivus, scientifi cus, cognoscitivus,” in Aux origines
    du lexique philosophique européen: L’infl uence de la latinitas, ed. Jacqueline Hamesse
    (Louvain- la- Neuve: Fédération internationale des instituts d’études médiévales, 1997),
    181–220, esp. 209–14.

  2. Aegidius Aurelianus, Quaestiones super De generatione et corruptione, ed. Ladislaw
    Kuksewicz (Amsterdam: B. R. Grüner Publishing Co., 1993), 3; Alfonso Maierù, Univer-
    sity Training in Medieval Europe, ed. and trans. Doreen Pryds (Leiden: Brill, 1994), 76–80.

  3. Kilwardby, De ortu scientiarum: “The Greeks call nature phisim and body phisi-
    cum and the knowledge / science phisicam” (17); Weijers, “L’appellation des disciplines,”
    52; Claude Lafl eur, “Les texts didascaliques,” in Weijers and Holtz, L’enseignement des
    disciplines, 345–72, esp. 354; Emma T. Healy, St. Bonaventure: De reductione artium ad
    theologiam: A Commentary with an Introduction and Translation (St. Bonaventure, NY: The
    Franciscan Institute, 1939), 4.

  4. Grosseteste, “Commentary on the Physics,” cited in W. R. Laird, “Robert
    Grosseteste on the Subalternate Sciences,” Traditio 43 (1987): 147–69, esp. 150, 153,
    155; Steven Livesey, “The Subalternation of the Sciences,” in Science and Theology in the
    Fourteenth Century (Leiden: Brill, 1989), 20–53.

  5. Cited in William Wallace, Causality and Scientifi c Explanation (Ann Arbor: Uni-
    versity of Michigan Press, 1972–74), 1: 220n35.

  6. David C. Lindberg, “Roger Bacon and the Origins of Perspectiva in the West,”
    in Mathematics and its Applications to Science and Natural Philosophy in the Middle Ages,
    ed. Edward Grant and John E. Murdoch (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
    1987), 249–68, esp. 258–59.

  7. Avicenna subalternated medicine to natural philosophy, on a par with the
    mathematical sciences; G. C. Anawati, “Ibn Sina,” Dictionary of Scientifi c Biography,
    vol. 15, on 497–98.

  8. Thomas Aquinas, The Division and Methods of the Sciences: Question V and VI
    of his Commentary on the De Trinitate of Boethius, trans. Armand Maurer, 3rd rev. ed.
    (Toronto: Pontifi cal Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1963), 37–38, 45.

  9. Roger Bacon, Communia naturalia, II, pt. 5, ch. 17, in Opera hactenus inedita
    Rogeri Baconi, fasc. 4, ed. Robert Steele (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909), 444; Jean
    Gagné, “Du quadrivium aux scientiae mediae,” in Arts libéraux, 984–86; Frank Hentschel
    and Martin Pickavé, “Quaestiones mathematicales. Eine Textgattung der Pariser Artisten-
    fakultät im frühen 14. Jahrhundert,” in Aertsen, Emery, and Speer, Nach der Verurtei-
    lung von 1277: Philosophie und Theologie an der Universität von Paris im letzten Viertel
    des 13. Jahrhunderts (Berlin: Walter De Gruyter, 2001), 618–34, esp. 632–33nn 64, 71,

  10. One fourteenth- century physician added perspectiva to the quadrivium; Graziella
    Federici- Vescovini, “L’inserimento della ‘perspectiva’ tra le arti del Quadrivio,” in Arts
    libéraux, 969–74, esp. 974n30.

  11. Gagné, “Du quadrivium aux scientiae mediae,” in Arts libéraux, 978–79; Ernest A.
    Moody and Marshall Clagett, eds., The Medieval Science of Weights (Scientia de ponderi-
    bus): Treatises ascribed to Euclid, Archimedes, Thabit ibn Qurra, Jordanus de Nemore and
    Blasius of Parma (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1952), 150–51.

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