Natural Knowledge in the Latin Middle Ages 115NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), 2:1619–20; Thomas Aquinas, prologue to the
Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, trans. John P. Rowan (Chicago: Henry Regnery
Company, 1961), 1: 1–2.
- Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae, introduction, q. 1, ch. 1, quoted in
Marie- Dominique Chenu, La théologie comme science au XIIIe siècle, 3rd ed. (Paris: Vrin,
1957), 94; Henri Hugonnard- Roche, “La classifi cation des sciences de Gundissalinus et
l’infl uence d’Avicenne,” Études sur Avicenne (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1984) 89–90. - Amos Funkenstein, “Scholasticism, Skepticism, and Secular Theology,” in
Skepticism from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, ed. Richard H. Popkin and Charles B.
Schmitt (Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, 1987), 49; Chenu, La théologie comme science au
XIIIe siècle; Shank, “On Paralogisms in Trinitarian Doctrine (1): The Early Fourteenth
Century,” in “Unless You Believe, You Shall Not Understand,” 57–86, 135–36. - Stephen F. Brown, “Late Thirteenth Century Theology: ‘Scientia’ pushed to
its Limits,” in Berndt, Lutz- Bachmann, and Stammberger, “Scientia” und “Disciplina,”
249–60, esp.252–53. - Ernest A. Moody, The Logic of William of Ockham (1935; New York: Russell and
Russell, 1965), 211. - John Duns Scotus, Philosophical Writings: A Selection, trans. by Alan Wolter
(Indianapolis: Hackett, 1987), 20, 171. - Kilwardby, De ortu scientiarum, 32–33, 43: “this science (= astrologia) is in part
mendacious and fi ctitious.. .” - Lindberg, “Roger Bacon and the Patristic Tradition,” 531–32; Christine Silvi,
Science médiévale et vérité: Étude linguistique de l’expression du vrai dans le discours scienti-
fi que en langue vulgaire (Paris: Honoré Champion, 2003), 453; Stock, Myth and Science,
27–28; Joannes Regiomontanus, “Oratio... in praelectione Al- fragani,” in Schmei-
dler, Opera collectanea, 43–53; Michael H. Shank, “Setting Up Copernicus? Francesco
Capuano da Manfredonia’s Expositio on the Sphere of Sacrobosco,” Early Science and
Medicine 14 (2009): 290–315, esp. 296; Graziella Federici- Vescovini, “La place privilé-
giée de l’astronomie–astrologie dans l’encyclopédie des sciences théoriques de Pierre
d’Abano,” in Työrinoja, Lehtinen, and Føllesdal, Knowledge and the Sciences in Medieval
Philosophy, 3:42–51, esp. 46–48; Mieczyław Markowski, “Von den mittelalterlichen An-
sätzen eines Wandels zum kopernikanischen Umbruch im Wissenschaftsverständnis,”
in Craemer- Ruegenberg and Speer, Scientia und ars, 79–94, esp. 92–93.