See Richard Yeo, “Classifying the Sciences,” in The Cambridge History of Science,
vol 4. The Eighteenth Century, ed. Roy Porter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2001), 241–66.
John Sergeant, preface to The Method in Science (London, 1696).
Perrault, Memoir’s [sic] for a Natural history of Animals, sig. ar.
Ibid., sig. br.
Ibid.
John Gascoigne, “The Royal Society and the Emergence of Science as an Instru-
ment of State Policy,” British Journal for the History of Science 32 (1999): 172.
John Woodward, preface to An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth (Lon-
don, 1695).
Thomas Burnet, Sacred Theory of the Earth, 2nd ed. (London, 1691), title page.
John Lyon and Phillip Sloan, From Natural History to the History of Nature:
Readings from Buffon and his Critics (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press,
1981), 121; see also John Gascoigne, “The Study of Nature,” in The Cambridge History
of Eighteenth- Century Philosophy, 2 vols., ed. Knud Haakonssen (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2006), 2: 854–72.
George- Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, Sur les Oiseaux, in Oeuvres complètes de
Buffon, nouvelle ed. (Paris, 1817–19), 9:3.
Pierre- Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, preface to Vénus Physique (The Hague,
1746); Corneille de Pauw, Recherches philosophiques sur les Américains, vol 1, Discours Pré-
liminaire (London, 1774). Cf. Buffon, Animaux communs aux deux continents, in Oeuvres,
6:515–21.
Buffon, Les Animaux Domestiques, in Oeuvres, 6:61.
Ibid., 62.
Les Époques de la nature (1779), ed. Jacques Roger (Paris: Editions du Mus,
1962), 43.
William Whiston, A New Theory of the Earth (London, 1696), 361–81.
Leibniz, Monadology, §87, and Leibniz to Arnauld, October 6, 1687; both in
Discourse on Metaphysics, Correspondence with Arnauld and Monadology, trans. G. Mont-
gomery (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009), 268, 234.
Anne Conway, The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy (Lon-
don, 1692), 59, 74, 96.
Leibniz to Arnauld, March 1690, in Montgomery, Discourse on Metaphysics,
244, 229–30. Cf. Monadology, §88, in Montgomery, Discourse on Metaphysics. On these
general themes see Peter Harrison, “Animal Souls, Metempsychosis, and Theodicy in
Seventeenth- Century English Thought,” Journal of the History of Philosophy 31 (1993):
519–44.
Charles Bonnet, Palingenesie, VI.5, in Oeuvres d’Histoire naturelle et de philoso-
phie, 18 vols., (Neuchatel, 1779–83), xv–xvi.
Ibid, I.1.
Palingenesie, III.3, in Oeuvres, XV, 218–20.
Louis- Jean- Marie Daubenton, “Histoire Naturelle,” in Encyclopédie, ou Diction-
