Wrestling with Nature From Omens to Science

(Romina) #1

148 Harrison


nairre Raisonné des Sciences, ed. Denis Diderot and Jean d’Alembert (Neufchatel, 1765),
8:228; quoted in Gascoigne, “The Study of Nature.”


  1. Peter Roget, Animal and Vegetable Physiology Considered with Reference to Natural
    Theology (Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blanchard, 1839) 1: viii, ix. On natural theology
    as the unifying factor in the early nineteenth century sciences, see Bernard Lightman,
    “The Story of Nature: Victorian Popularizers and Scientifi c Narrative,” Victorian Review
    25 (2000): 1–29.

  2. David Hull, Darwin and his Critics: The Reception of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
    by the Scientifi c Community (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973), 63.

  3. Robert Chambers, Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (London, 1844),
    184–85, 231, 360.

  4. Quoted in James Moore, The Post- Darwinian Controversies (Cambridge: Cam-
    bridge University Press, 1979), 194.

  5. Hull, Darwin and his Critics, 16–36.

  6. Peter Bowler, “The Decline of Theistic Evolution,” in The Eclipse of Darwinism:
    Anti- Darwinian Evolution Theories in the decades around 1900 (Baltimore, MD: The Johns
    Hopkins University Press, 1983), 44–57.

  7. John Tyndall, quoted in David N. Livingstone, “Science, Region, and Reli-
    gion,” in Disseminating Darwinism: The Role of Place, Race, Religion, and Gender, ed. Ron-
    ald L. Numbers and John Stenhouse (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999),
    7–38 (quote, 13).

  8. Leonard Huxley, The Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley (New York:
    D. Appleton, 1900), 1:177.

  9. Frank Turner, “The Victorian Confl ict between Science and Religion: A Profes-
    sional Dimension,” Isis 49 (1978): 356–76.

  10. George Levine, “Scientifi c Discourse as an Alternative to Faith,” in Helm-
    stadter and Lightman, Victorian Faith in Crisis, 236f.

  11. Quoted in Ross, “Scientist: The Story of a Word,” Annals of Science (1962) 18:
    65–85 (82).

  12. Lynn Nyhart, “Natural History and the New Biology,” in Jardine, Secord, and
    Spary, Cultures of Natural History, 427–28.

  13. Macvey Napier, ed., Encyclopaedia Britannica, 7th ed. (Edinburgh, 1830–48),
    s.v. “natural history” (15:738).

  14. On the signifi cance of the term “biology” and its equivalents see Pietro Corsi,
    “Biologie,” in Lamarck, philosophe de la nature, ed. Pietro Corsi, Jean Gayon, Gabriel
    Gohau and Stéphane Tirard (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2006), 37–64.

  15. Quoted in George Hutchinson, “Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so
    many kinds of animals?” American Naturalist 93 (1959): 146.

  16. Charles Elton, Animal Ecology (London: Methuen, 1927), 1; quoted in Jean-
    Marc Drouin and Bernadette Bensaude- Vincent, “Nature for the People,” in Jardine,
    Secord, and Spary, Cultures of Natural History, 423.


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