276 Roberts
Butts & Co., 1874), 83; Thomas H. Huxley, quoted in Ruth Barton, “Evolution: The
Whitworth Gun in Huxley’s War for the Liberation of Science from Theology,” in The
Wider Domain of Evolutionary Thought, ed. David Oldroyd and Ian Langham (Dordrecht:
D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1983), 264; Thomas H. Huxley, “On the Reception of
the ‘Origin of Species,’” in The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Including an Auto-
biographical Chapter, ed. Francis Darwin, 3 vols. (London: John Murray, 1887), 2:186.
See also Bernard Lightman, The Origins of Agnosticism: Victorian Unbelief and the Limits
of Knowledge (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987), 128–34;
Frank M. Turner, “The Victorian Confl ict between Science and Religion: A Professional
Dimension,” Isis 69 (1978): 356–76.- Thomas H. Huxley, “On the Advisableness of Improving Natural Knowledge”
[1866], Methods and Results, in Collected Essays by T. H. Huxley (1893; New York: Hide-
schein, 1970), 1:41; Herbert Spencer, First Principles (London: Williams and Norgate,
1862), 106; Newman Smyth, The Religious Feeling: A Study for Faith (New York: Scribner,
Armstrong and Company, 1877), 148, 34–35; Lewis F. Stearns, “Reconstruction in
Theology,” New Englander n.s., 5 [41] (1882): 86–87 (quote, 86); W. P. King, “Christian
Faith and the New Apologetics,” Methodist Review Quarterly 62 (1913): 338; B. F. Cocker,
The Theistic Conception of the World: An Essay in Opposition to Certain Tendencies of
Modern Thought (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1875), 345. For the lukewarm reception
given to the “metaphysics” of scientifi c naturalism, see Bernard Lightman, “Victorian
Sciences and Religions: Discordant Harmonies,” Osiris 2d ser., 16 (2001): 351; Bowler,
Reconciling Science and Religion, 18, 27, 122–23. - Albrecht Ritschl, The Christian Doctrine of Justifi cation and Reconciliation: The
Positive Development of the Doctrine, ed. H. R. Mackintosh and A. B. Macaulay, 3 vols., 3d
ed. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1900), 3:16, 398, 205, 225. - William Adams Brown, Beliefs That Matter: A Theology for Laymen (1928; New
York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1930), 73–74, 77; Gerald Birney Smith, “Systematic The-
ology and Christian Ethics,” in A Guide to the Study of the Christian Religion, ed. Gerald
Birney Smith (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1916), 546–47. - Edwin Diller Starbuck, The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Study of the
Growth of Religious Consciousness (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1900), 1; Ed-
ward L. Schaub, “The Present Status of the Psychology of Religion,” Journal of Religion 2
(1922): 377. - “First of the Course of Scientifi c Lectures—Prof. White on ‘the Battle- Fields
of Science,’” New York Daily Tribune, December 18, 1869; Andrew Dickson White, The
Warfare of Science, 2d ed. (London: Henry S. King & Co., 1877), 148–49. - Andrew Dickson White, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Chris-
tendom, 2 vols. (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1896), 1:ix, xii, 410, v–vi, 12. - Harry Emerson Fosdick, “The Dangers of Modernism,” Harpers Magazine 152
(1926): 408; Harry Emerson Fosdick, “Beyond Modernism,” Christian Century 52 (De-
cember 4, 1935): 1552; Harry Emerson Fosdick, “Yes, But Religion Is an Art!” Harper’s
Magazine 162 (1931): 132. See also William Newton Clarke, An Outline of Christian
Theology (1898; New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1922), 1, 4, 54–55; Eugene W. Ly-
man, “What is Theology? The Essential Nature of the Theologian’s Task,” American
Journal of Theology 17 (1913): 330–32; Henry S. Pritchett, What Is Religion? And Other