Wrestling with Nature From Omens to Science

(Romina) #1

334 Thurs


ing role in popularizing the notion of multiple working hypotheses, see Susan Schultz,
“Thomas C. Chamberlin: An Intellectual Biography of a Geologist and Educator” (PhD
diss., University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1976).


  1. Karl Pearson, The Grammar of Science (London, 1892), 31.

  2. Quoted in Daniel Kevles, The Physicists (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
    Press, 1995), 98.

  3. “A Mystic Universe,” New York Times, January 28, 1928; Robert Millikan, “The
    Diffusion of Science—The Natural Sciences,” Science Monthly, September 1932, 205.

  4. Howard S. Miller, Dollars for Research (Seattle: University of Washington Press,
    1970), 166–81; Kevles, The Physicists, 91–154; Ronald J. Tobey, The American Ideology of
    National Science, 1919–1930 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1971), 3–61.

  5. Frederick Lewis Allen, Only Yesterday: An Informal History of the Nineteen- Twenties
    (New York: n.p., 1931), 197.

  6. Kevles, The Physicists, 236–51.

  7. Millikan, “The Diffusion of Science,” 204; M. Louise Nichols, “The High School
    Student and Scientifi c Method,” Journal of Educational Psychology (March 1929): 196–97.

  8. Anton Reiser, quoted in Henry Hazlitt, “Einstein,” Nation, November 19, 1930,
    553; “Einstein’s Reality,” Time, March 16, 1936, 74; F. S. C. Northrop, “The Theory of
    Relativity and the First Principles of Science,” Journal of Philosophy (August 2, 1928):
    422; Edward S. Martin, “Einstein Gets Us Guessing,” Harper’s, April 1929, 654.

  9. Roelofs, “In Search of Scientifi c Method,” 296, 301, 304; Willard Waller, “In-
    sight and Scientifi c Method,” American Journal of Sociology (November 1934): 288.

  10. David Hollinger, “Justifi cation by Verifi cation,” in Religion and
    Twentieth- Century American Intellectual Life, ed. Michael H. Lacey (Cambridge; Cam-
    bridge University Press, 1989), 116–35; William Ritter, quoted in Watson Davis,
    “Science, Philosophy, Religion Find Ground for Common Front,” Science News Letter,
    September 21, 1940, 190.

  11. W. C. Croxton, Science in the Elementary School (New York: McGraw Hill,
    1937), 337.

  12. John Dewey, quoted in Nichols, “The High School Student,” 196; Nelson B.
    Henry, ed., 46th Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education (Chicago:
    University of Chicago Press, 1947), 62; G. K. Gilbert, “The Inculcation of the Scientifi c
    Method by Example,” American Journal of Science (April 1886): 285; John C. Almack,
    “Scientifi c Method in Teaching,” Educational Method (March 1933): 323–24.

  13. James Gilbert, Redeeming Culture: American Religion in an Age of Science (Chicago:
    University of Chicago Press, 1997), 23–35.

  14. “Another Chance for Mediums,” Literary Digest, July 4, 1925, 27; Marcel LaFol-
    lette, Making Science Our Own (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 112–18.

  15. Charles Lane Poor, Gravitation versus Relativity (New York: G. P. Putnam,
    1922), iv.

  16. C. Hartley Graham, “Why, Dr. Einstein!” New Republic, March 9, 1932, 94–95.

  17. LaFollette, Making Science, 122; John B. Watson, “What is Behaviorism?” Harp-
    er’s, May 1926, 724; Dorothy Ross, The Origins of American Social Science (Cambridge:
    Cambridge University Press, 1991), 401–2.

  18. Margaret Mead, Coming of Age in Samoa (New York: William Morrow, 1928), 5–7.

  19. Michael Schudson, Discovering the News (New York: Basic Books, 1978), 7–8;


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