372 Lightman
ed. John A Garraty and Mark C. Carnes (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1999), 337–38.- Thomas Henry Huxley, Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews (New York:
D. Apple ton and Company, 1895), 77–78. - Winter, Mesmerized, 296–303.
- Ross, “‘Scientist,’” 78, 80.
- “The Word ‘Scientist,’” Science- Gossip 1 (Jan. 1895): 242.
- Thomas H. Huxley, Science and Education (New York: H. L. Fowle, [1893]), 263,
267–68. - Paul Lawrence Farber, Finding Order in Nature: The Naturalist Tradition from Lin-
naeus to E. O. Wilson (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 85–6. - Huxley, Science and Education, 281–84. For a discussion of how Huxley trained
his students to use the microscope in his lab see Graeme Gooday, “‘Nature’ in the
Laboratory: Domestication and Discipline with the Microscope in Victorian Life Sci-
ence,” British Journal for the History of Science 24 (1991): 333–40. - Huxley, Science and Education, 288.
- Ibid., 270–1.
- Huxley, Method and Results, 338, 427.
- Leon Stephen Jacyna, “Scientifi c Naturalism in Victorian Britain” (PhD diss.,
University of Edinburgh, 1980), 276–311. - Erin McLaughlin- Jenkins, “Common Knowledge: The Victorian Working Class
and the Low Road to Science 1870–1900” (PhD diss., York University, 2001). - Bernard Lightman, “‘Fighting Even with Death’: Balfour, Scientifi c Naturalism,
and Thomas Henry Huxley’s Final Battle,” in Thomas Henry Huxley’s Place in Science and
Letters: Centenary Essays, ed. Alan Barr (Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1997),
323–50. - Arthur James Balfour, The Foundations of Belief: Being Notes Introductory to the
Study of Theology (London: Longmans, Green, 1895), 135. - Crosbie Smith, The Science of Energy: A Cultural History of Energy Physics in Victo-
rian Britain (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 7, 171, 307, 311–12. - Joe D. Burchfi eld, Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth (London: The Macmillan
Press Ltd., 1975), 81. - John Tyndall, “Remarks on an Article Entitled ‘Energy’ in ‘Good Words,’” Philo-
sophical Magazine 25 (1863), 221. - Ross, “‘Scientist,’” 73. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term
“physicist” was occasionally used in the eighteenth century to refer to an individual
knowledgeable about medical science. In 1840, Whewell suggested in the preface to his
Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences that a distinction be made between “physician,” to
be used as the equivalent of the French physicien, and “physicist,” who “proceeds upon
the ideas of force, matter, and the properties of matter.” See William Whewell, The
Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences (London: John W. Parker, 1840), 1:lxxi. - Crosbie Smith and M. Norton Wise, Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of
Lord Kelvin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 120. - William Thomson, “Introductory Lecture to the Course on Natural Philoso-
phy,” in The Life of William Thomson, by Silvanus P. Thompson (London: Macmillan
and Co., 1910), 1: 244–46, 250–51.