Wrestling with Nature From Omens to Science

Science and Place 397

tion in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, 600 B.C. to A.D. 1450 (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1992), 2.

3. Ibid., 3.


4. Adi Ophir and Steven Shapin, “The Place of Knowledge: A Methodological Sur-
   vey,” Science in Context 4 (1991): 3–21.


5. Here I leave aside the question of whether seeing science as a local practice is in-
   evitably implicated in wholesale relativism. For myself, I am not convinced that there
   are necessary links between the relativity of warranted credibility and relativism over
   substantive concepts of truth.


6. Crosbie Smith and Jon Agar, “Introduction: Making Space for Science,” in Mak-
   ing Space for Science: Territorial Themes in the Shaping of Knowledge, ed. Crosbie Smith and
   Jon Agar (London: Macmillan Press, 1998), 2, 3.


7. This was published as Steven Shapin, “Placing the View from Nowhere: Histori-
   cal and Sociological Problems in the Location of Science,” Transactions of the Institute of
   British Geographers 23 (1998): 6, 7.


8. For geographical engagements with the history and sociology of science, see
   David N. Livingstone, Putting Science in its Place: Geographies of Scientifi c Knowledge
   (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003); David Demeritt, “Social Theory and the
   Reconstruction of Science and Geography,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geogra-
   phers 21 (1996): 484–503; Trevor J. Barnes, Logics of Dislocation: Models, Metaphors, and
   Meanings of Economic Space (New York: Guildford Press, 1996); Charles W. J. Withers,
   “Towards a History of Geography in the Public Sphere,” History of Science 34 (1999):
   45–78.


9. So, for instance, Peter Galison and Emily Thompson, eds., The Architecture of Sci-
   ence (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999).


10. Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space, trans. by Donald Nicholson- Smith
    (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991), 44.


11. Ibid., 89.


12. Ibid., 142.


13. Ibid., 16.


14. Ibid., 34.


15. Ibid., 143 (original emphasis).


16. Clifford Geertz, “Thick Description: An Interpretive Theory of Culture,” in The
    Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 5.


17. I am thinking here especially of Michel Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic: An
    Archaeology of Medical Perception, trans. by A. M. Sheridan Smith (New York: Pantheon,
    1973); Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York: Vintage Books,
    1977); and Edward W. Said, Orientalism (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978).


18. Edward W. Said, “Travelling Theory,” in The World, the Text and the Critic (Lon-
    don: Vintage, 1991), 226.


19. See Richard Sorrenson, “The Ship as a Scientifi c Instrument in the Eighteenth
    Century,” Osiris 2nd ser., 11 (1996): 221–36.


20. Ann Secord, “Science in the Pub: Artisan Botanists in Early Nineteenth- Century
    Lancashire,” History of Science 32 (1994): 269–315.


21. Adrian Johns, “The Birth of Scientifi c Reading,” Nature 409 (January 18, 2001):
    287; see also his “Science and the Book in Early Modern Cultural Historiography,” Stud-