Wrestling with Nature From Omens to Science

Index 413

Nieuwentijt, Bernard, 130
Noah’s Ark, 127–28, 181, 390. See also
museums
Nollet, Jean- Antoine, 186, 192, 385
Nordby, Gene, 244, 245–46
North British scientists, 351, 354, 368, 369
Nutting, Perley, 231

O’Brien, Morrough P., 242
observation, 123, 157, 162, 214, 312, 353,
360; Baconian, 205, 316; medical,
50–51, 206, 314; medieval, 102; natural
history, 124–25
observatories, 182, 360, 379, 383; solar, 195
occasionalism, 73, 76, 77
Ockham, William of, 100, 101–2, 105
omens, 24, 26, 28, 29; celestial, 13–17, 21,
22, 25, 31, 32; nativity, 19–20
On The Heavens (Aristotle), 42–43
Ophir, Adi, 379
optics, 162, 176, 352; ancient, 85, 89; geo-
metrical, 149, 150, 151, 153; medieval,
93, 96, 97, 106; Newtonian, 157, 161
Opticks (Newton), 157, 161, 195
Oresme, Nicole, 93, 102
Origin of Species (Darwin), 139, 140, 282,
346, 392
Osborn, Henry Fairfi eld, 389
Osler, William, 211, 294
osteopathy, 213, 214
Outram, Dorinda, 386
Overton, William R., 270
Owen, Richard, 341

Paley, William, 130, 341
Palmer, D. D., 213
Pappus of Alexandria, 152
Paracelsus, 123, 128
Parmenides, 41
Parr, Andrew, 286
Pasteur, Louis, 201, 207, 216
pathology, 206, 208, 210, 215
Pauw, Corneille de, 136
Pearson, Karl, 320
Peek, F. W., Jr., 231–32
Peirce, Benjamin, 347
Pereira, Benito, 152
Peripatetics of Baghdad, 61–62
Perrault, Claude, 133–34
Peter of Maricourt, 103
Peuerbach, Georg, 150
pharmacology, 210
philosophes, 188

phrenology, 281–82, 284–85, 287–88, 289,

294, 296, 300, 313–14

physico- mathematics, 155–56, 158, 162,

163, 164, 165, 178, 188

physico- theology, 130–31, 175. See also

natural theology

physics, 149, 175, 241, 245, 246; Cartesian,

161–62; defi nition of, 176; early mod-

ern, 153, 173; and mathematics, 157,

158, 160, 165, 167; medieval, 88–89,

90, 99; modern, 321, 322, 324, 353,

354. See also natural philosophy
     Physics (Aristotle), 103, 154, 175
     physiology, 50–51, 192, 204, 207, 208, 209,
     210, 215
     Piccolomini, Alessandro, 152
     Pietro d’Abano, 90, 105
     Plato, 41, 64, 86, 89, 202
     Platonism, 37, 43, 52. See also Neo- Platonism
     Pliny the Elder, 11, 38–39, 40, 43; and
     medicine, 203; in the Middle Ages, 85;
     on natural history, 85, 120, 121, 122,
     124, 129, 132
     Plot, Robert, 134
     Plotinus, 64
     Pluche, Noël Antoine, 130, 137, 184
     Plutarch, 129
     Poisson, S. D., 188
     Polkinghorne, John, 272
     Pollard, William Grosvenor, 369
     Poor, Charles Lane, 324
     Pompanazzi, Pietro, 98
     Popper, Karl, 270, 298, 326
     Posterior Analytics (Aristotle), 88, 99, 105, 160
     Potter, Andrey, 235, 239, 242
     Prandtl, Ludwig, 241
     Pratt, Anne, 358
     prediction: astronomical, 23, 30; mathemati-
     cal, 22–23
     Priestly, Joseph, 190, 196
     Prime Mover, 54, 64
     Principia mathematica (Newton), 157, 158,
     159, 161
     Proclus, 64
     Proctor, Richard, 358–62, 363, 364, 365, 366
     prophecy, 30
     Protestantism, 257, 267, 269, 291, 350, 391,
     396
     pseudo- Geber, 103
     pseudoscience, 6, 105, 214, 281–301, 311,
     316, 324; as anti- science, 296, 301; the
     word, 283–85, 287, 299, 301, 326
     psychology, 292–93, 296, 325, 349