Endophytes Crop Productivity and Protection Volume 2 (Sustainable Development and Biodiversity)

endophytePestalotiopsis microspora(Li et al. 2001 ). Pestaloside(3), an aromatic

b-glucoside, and two pyrones namely pestalopyrone and hydroxypestalopyrone are

other secondary metabolites isolated fromP. microspora with antifungal and

phytotoxic activities (Lee et al. 1995 ). Antibacterial helvolic acid(4)is a nor-

triterpenoid isolated fromXylariasp. from an endemic endangered rainforest orchid

Anoectochilus setaceusin Sri Lanka (Ratnaweera et al. 2014 ). Helvolic acid has

reported for antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

aureus(MRSA, MIC 4μgmL−^1 ) andBacillus subtilis(MIC: 2μgmL−^1 ).

HN

OH

NH

CH 3

H 3 C

HO

O

O

H 2 C CH 3

CH 3

(1)

H 3 C

COOH

CH 3

O

OH OH

O

(2)

OH

OH

O O

HO

HO

HO OH

(3)

O O

C

O

OH

H 3 C

H 3 C

O

O

CH 3

CH 3

O

H

CH (^3) CH
3
O
H 3 CH 3 C
H
H
(4)
Several important bioactive natural products found in other terrestrial plants are
as follows. Cryptocandin(5), a peptide antifungal agent was isolated and charac-
terized from the endophytic fungusCryptosporiopsis quercinainhabiting in the
medicinal plantTripterygium wilfordii(Strobel et al. 1999 ). This compound has
shown excellent antifungal activity against several human fungal pathogens,
Candida albicans, Trichophyton spp. and number of plant pathogenic fungi,
includingSclerotinia sclerotiorumandBotrytis cinerea. Currently several compa-
nies have tested and developed Cryptocandin to use against a number of fungi
causing skin and nail diseases (Strobel 2003 ).
196 P.B. Ratnaweera and E.D. de Silva
http://www.ebook3000.com