Endophytes Crop Productivity and Protection Volume 2 (Sustainable Development and Biodiversity)

N

H 3 C

H

H

H 3 C

OH

CH 3

O

O

HO

CH 3

(23)

CHO

CHO

HO

COOH

(24)

n-C 7 H 15

O

HO OH

OEt

O

(25)

HO

O

O

OH

O

O

(26)

O

O

O

OH

O

O

(27)

Mangrove associates are species mainly distributed in terrestrial or aquatic

habitat but also occur in the mangrove ecosystem (Parani et al. 1998 ). According to

Tomlinson criteria, mangrove associates are also distinguished from true mangroves

by lacking aerial roots, vivipary, and no physiological mechanism for salt exclusion
(Wang et al. 2011 ). However, mangrove associates growing in the mangrove

habitat also have to face the same extreme ecological conditions as the true man-

groves. Therefore, these mangrove associates also have the potential of producing

bioactive natural products as the true mangroves. This is evident by the recent

report of Ratnaweera et al. ( 2016 ), who described the isolation of antimicrobial

gliotoxin(28)and Bisdethiobis (methylthio) gliotoxin(29)from an extract of the

endophytic fungusHypocrea virensfrom the plantPremna serratifoliafrom a

mangrove habitat.

Inland fresh water bodies also are productive ecosystems in the world which

house diverse microorganisms. Aquatic plants highly adapted to its environmental

and ecological conditions also harbor endophytic fungi having bioactive metabo-

lites. A recent investigation of endophytic fungi ofNymphaea nouchaliled to the

isolation of the known secondary metabolites chaetoglobosin A and C(30, 31)from

Chaetomium globosum, with chaetoglobisn A showing good antibacterial activities

(Dissanayaka et al. 2016 ).

202 P.B. Ratnaweera and E.D. de Silva

http://www.ebook3000.com