Endophytes Crop Productivity and Protection Volume 2 (Sustainable Development and Biodiversity)

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production using endophytic fungusTaxomyces andreanae. Another important


drug for cancer is the alkaloid“Camptothecin”—a potent anticancer compound


found in the plantCamptotheca acuminataDecaisne (Nyssaceae) (Wall et al.


1966 ). Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin are widely used as precursors in
the synthesis of topotecan, and irinotecan, which are clinically used as potent


anticancer drugs (Uma et al. 2008 ). An endophytic fungusFusarium solaniisolated


from the same plant produced Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin when


cultivated in submerged cultures (Kusari et al. 2009 ). Subsequently, several


workers reported endophytic fungi which could produce Camptothecin and other


similar compounds (Puri 2005 ; Rehman et al. 2008 ).


Guo et al. ( 1998 ) reported thatAlternaria sp. isolated from the phloem of


Catharanthus roseushad the ability to produce well-known alkaloid, vinblastine


(Fig.10.4). Later, another endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum from the


phloem ofC. roseus isshown to produce vincristine (Zhang et al. 2000 ). In another


Table 10.4 Anticancer compounds from endophytes and respective host plant


Host plant Endophytic fungi Bioactive compound References
Taxus brevifolia Taxomyces andreanae Diterpenoid Strobel
( 1997 )
Torreya taxifolia Pestalotiopsis
microspora

Torreyanic acid Lee ( 1996 )

Catharanthus
roseus

Mycelia sterilia Vincristine Yang ( 1994 )

Plumeria acutifolia Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides

Taxol Nithya ( 2009 )

Spondias mombin Phomopsissp. Phomopsidin &
Phomopsichalasin

Kobayashi
( 1995 )
Rhizophora
annamalayana

Fusarium oxysporum Taxol Elavarasi
( 2012 )
Tinospora
cordifolia

Fusarium culmorum
SVJM072

Taxol Sonaimuthu
( 2010 )
Annova squamosa Penicilliumsp. Meleargine and
Chrysogine

Yunianto
( 2014 )
Tripterygium
wilfordii

Rhinocladiellasp. 22-oxa-(12)-
cytochalasins

Wagenaar
( 2000 )
Nothapodytes
foetida

Entrophospora
infrequens

Camptothecin Puri ( 2005 )

Podophyllum
hexandrum

Trametes hirsute Podophyllotoxin Puri ( 2006 )

Sequoia
semperivirens

Aspergillus parasiticus Sequoiatones C-F Stierle ( 2001 )

Nothapodytes
foetida

Phycomycetes Campthothecin Puri ( 2005 )

Adenophora
axilliflora

Chetomiumsp.IFB-
EO15

Chaetominine Rui ( 2006 )

10 Endophytes: Potential Source of Therapeutically... 227

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