issuhub.com

Papaya Biology, Cultivation, Production and Uses

(Tina Meador) #1

  • Chapter 1 Introduction and Uses Authors ....................................................................................................................xix

    • 1.1 Origin and History

    • 1.2 Nutritive Value

    • 1.3 Uses

      • 1.3.1 Fruit

      • 1.3.2 Leaves, Pomace and Fruit Skin

      • 1.3.3 Flower and Stem





  • Chapter 2 Botany and Improvement

    • 2.1 Plant Morphology

      • 2.1.1 Stem

      • 2.1.2 Leaf

      • 2.1.3 Root

      • 2.1.4 Flower

      • 2.1.5 Fruit

      • 2.1.6 Seed



    • 2.2 Floral Morphology...................................................................

      • 2.2.1 Description

      • 2.2.2 Flower Induction

      • 2.2.3 Floral Biology and Pollination

      • 2.2.4 Pollinators...................................................................

      • 2.2.5 Parthenocarpy

      • 2.2.6 Self-Incompatibility



    • 2.3 Genetics

      • 2.3.1 Species



    • 2.4 Sex Forms

      • 2.4.1 Classification

      • 2.4.2 Flower Types



    • 2.5 Sex Identification

      • 2.5.1 Sex Determination

      • 2.5.2 Cytogenetics of Sex Chromosomes



    • 2.6 Inheritance Pattern

    • 2.7 Breeding

      • 2.7.1 Objectives

      • 2.7.2 Methods vi Contents

        • 2.7.2.1 Backcross Breeding

        • 2.7.2.2 Recurrent Selection



      • 2.7.3 Hybrid Breeding

        • 2.7.3.1 Heterosis

        • 2.7.3.2 Combining Ability

        • 2.7.3.3 Hybrids



      • 2.7.4 Inter-Specific Hybridisation

      • 2.7.5 Polyploidy

      • 2.7.6 Mutation Breeding......................................................



    • 2.8 Biotechnology

    • 2.9 Genetic Diversity

      • 2.9.1 Germplasm

      • 2.9.2 Description of Varieties





  • Chapter 3 Climate and Soil

    • 3.1 Temperature

    • 3.2 Wind Velocity

    • 3.3 Soil



  • Chapter 4 Cultural Practices

    • 4.1 Intercultural Operations

    • 4.2 Earthing Up

    • 4.3 Staking

    • 4.4 Fruit Thinning

    • 4.5 Roguing

    • 4.6 Fruit Covering

    • 4.7 Nipping

    • 4.8 Pollarding

    • 4.9 Smudging

    • 4.10 Cropping Systems

      • 4.10.1 Advantage of Intercrops



    • 4.11 Competition with Traditional Crops

    • 4.12 Transplanting on Raised Beds or Pits



  • Chapter 5 Propagation and Layout

    • 5.1 Propagation

      • 5.1.1 Air Layering

      • 5.1.2 Softwood Cuttings

      • 5.1.3 Budding

      • 5.1.4 Tissue Culture

      • 5.1.5 Conventional Propagation



    • 5.2 Raised Bed Sowing..................................................................

      • Plastic Pot Sowing 5.3 Plastic Bag/Disposable Glasses/Soft

        • 5.3.1 Tray Sowing................................................................



      • 5.4 Planting Time

      • 5.5 Site Selection and Orientation

      • 5.6 Land Preparation

      • 5.7 Layout of Orchards

      • 5.8 Planting Distance

      • 5.9 Transplanting

      • 5.10 After Care and Gap Filling



    • Chapter 6 Nutrition

    • Chapter 7 Irrigation

      • 7.1 Drainage



    • Chapter 8 Seed Production

      • 8.1 Plant Type

        • 8.1.1 Dioecious Varieties

        • 8.1.2 Gynodioecious Varieties



      • 8.2 Seed Production Method

        • 8.2.1 Seed Production in Isolation

        • 8.2.2 Seed Extraction and Storage



      • 8.3 Seed Yield

      • 8.4 Constraints in Seed Production

        • 8.4.1 Seed Viability

        • 8.4.2 Temperature

        • 8.4.3 Sex

        • 8.4.4 Non-Availability of Quality Seed



      • 8.5 Seed Certification

        • 8.5.1 Clone Certification Standards

        • 8.5.2 Field Standards

        • 8.5.3 Specification for Certification Tag







  • Chapter 9 Pests and Birds

    • 9.1 Mealy Bug

      • 9.1.1 Symptoms

      • 9.1.2 Management

        • 9.1.2.1 Cultural and Mechanical

        • 9.1.2.2 Biological

        • 9.1.2.3 Chemical





    • 9.2 Fruit Fly

    • 9.2.1 Management viii Contents

    • 9.3 Whiteflies ...............................................................................10

    • 9.4 Aphids

      • 9.4.1 Management



    • 9.5 Scale Insects

      • 9.5.1 Management



    • 9.6 Mites

      • 9.6.1 Management



    • 9.7 Webworm

      • 9.7.1 Management



    • 9.8 Nematodes

      • 9.8.1 Root-Knot Nematode................................................

      • 9.8.2 Management



    • 9.9 Earthworms

    • 9.10 Ants

    • 9.11 Birds and Animals

      • 9.11.1 Management

        • 9.11.1.1 Phytotoxicity







  • Chapter 10 Diseases

    • 10.1 Papaya Ringspot Virus

      • 10.1.1 Symptoms

      • 10.1.2 Management



    • 10.2 Leaf Curl

      • 10.2.1 Management



    • 10.3 Papaya Apical Necrosis

    • 10.4 Collar Rot or Foot Rot

      • 10.4.1 Management



    • 10.5 Bacterial Wilt

      • 10.5.1 Management



    • 10.6 Powdery Mildew

      • 10.6.1 Management



    • 10.7 Damping-Off

      • 10.7.1 Management



    • 10.8 Bud and Fruit Stalk Rot of Papaya

      • 10.8.1 Management



    • 10.9 Anthracnose

      • 10.9.1 Symptoms

      • 10.9.2 Management



    • 10.10 Leaf Blight

    • 10.11 Phytophthora Blight

      • 10.11.1 Management

      • 10.11.2 Chemical Control



    • 10.12 Freckles..................................................................................



  • Chapter 11 Physiological Disorders Contents ix

    • 11.1 Bumpy Fruit

      • 11.1.1 Symptoms

      • 11.1.2 Management



    • 11.2 Carpelloidy Fruits

    • 11.3 Lumpy Fruit

    • 11.4 Vivipary and White Seed

      • 11.4.1 Management



    • 11.5 Frost Damage

      • 11.5.1 Management



    • 11.6 Chilling and Heat Injury

    • 11.7 Skin Abrasions



  • Chapter 12 Unfruitfulness

    • 12.1 Genetic Influences

    • 12.2 Environmental Influences

      • 12.2.1 Choice of Variety

      • 12.2.2 Planting Season

      • 12.2.3 Organic Manuring

      • 12.2.4 Nutrition

      • 12.2.5 Pollination

      • 12.2.6 Weed Control

      • 12.2.7 Water Requirement

      • 12.2.8 Intercropping

      • 12.2.9 Crop Rotation

      • 12.2.10 Diseases

      • 12.2.11 Plant Growth Regulators





  • Chapter 13 Papain

    • 13.1 Composition

    • 13.2 Properties, Structure and Characteristics

      • 13.2.1 Mechanism



    • 13.3 Production Technique

      • 13.3.1 Manufacturing Process



    • 13.4 Papain Concentrate

    • 13.5 Drying Methods.....................................................................

      • 13.5.1 Sun Drying

      • 13.5.2 Hearth Drying

      • 13.5.3 Solar Drying

      • 13.5.4 Spray Drying



    • 13.6 Assaying

    • 13.7 Papain Crystallisation

    • 13.8 Packaging and Storage

    • 13.9 Medicinal, Industrial and Pharmaceutical Uses x Contents

    • 13.10 Potential and Market Opportunities



  • Chapter 14 Fruiting, Harvesting and Post-Harvest

    • 14.1 Maturity, Ripening and Harvesting

    • 14.2 Yield

    • 14.3 Post-Harvest Management

    • 14.4 Processing

      • 14.4.1 Size Classification

      • 14.4.2 Dried Papayas

      • 14.4.3 Marmalades

      • 14.4.4 Canned Papayas

      • 14.4.5 Jelly...........................................................................

      • 14.4.6 Fruit Pulp

      • 14.4.7 Vegetable and Raita

      • 14.4.8 Pectin

      • 14.4.9 Pickle

      • 14.4.10 Chutney

      • 14.4.11 Sauce

      • 14.4.12 Burfi

      • 14.4.13 Toffee

      • 14.4.14 Leather





  • Chapter 15 Marketing and Economics

    • 15.1 Marketing

    • 15.2 Economics .............................................................................16



  • Chapter 16 Papaya as Medicaments

    • 16.1 Papaya Parts and Their Medicinal Uses

      • 16.1.1 Fruit

      • 16.1.2 Leaf

      • 16.1.3 Seed

      • 16.1.4 Peel

      • 16.1.5 Roots



    • 16.2 Scope for Pharmacological Industry

      • 16.2.1 Allergens and Side Effects

        • Activity 16.2.2 Antioxidants and Free Radical Scavenging



      • 16.2.3 Anti-Diabetic Activity

      • 16.2.4 Anti-Infertility Activity

      • 16.2.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity

      • 16.2.6 Antibiotic Activity

      • 16.2.7 Anti-Cancer Activity

      • 16.2.8 Anti–Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity Contents xi

      • 16.2.9 Anti-Dengue Activity

      • 16.2.10 Anti-Heart Attack

      • 16.2.11 Anti-Nutrients and Toxicants Activity

      • 16.2.12 Wound-Healing Activity

      • 16.2.13 Skin Discolouration Activity

      • 16.2.14 Anti-Coagulant Activity

      • 16.2.15 Folk Uses for Major Disease Management



    • 16.3 Therapy Cases

      • 16.3.1 Case Studies



    • 16.4 Is Eating Papaya during Pregnancy Safe?

    • 16.5 Potential Bioactive Compounds



  • Chapter 17 Protected Cultivation

    • 17.1 Scenario

    • 17.2 Scope

      • 17.2.1 Nutrient Management



    • 17.3 Components

      • 17.3.1 Polyhouse..................................................................

      • 17.3.2 Multipurpose Nets



    • 17.4 Irrigation

    • 17.5 Types of Irrigation Systems

      • 17.5.1 Overhead Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

      • 17.5.2 Micro Irrigation Systems..........................................

      • 17.5.3 Capillary Sand Beds

      • 17.5.4 Overhead Systems

      • 17.5.5 Bench Misting

      • 17.5.6 Drip Irrigation

      • 17.5.7 Hand Watering



    • 17.6 Disease Management in Polyhouses

      • 17.6.1 Management Strategy



    • 17.7 Prosperity

    • 17.8 Future Prospects



  • Chapter 18 Descriptors

    • 18.1 Characterisation and Preliminary Evaluation

    • 18.2 Further Characterisation and Evaluation



  • Glossary

  • Abbreviations

  • References

  • Index

Free download pdf
Get our desktop app
Company
Features
Documentation
Resources
© ISSUHUB. 2024. All rights reserved.