by McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 220 (centre), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown
Communications Inc.; 221 (top right), American Philosophical Society; 221 (bottom right), Lee D. Simon/Photo
Researchers, Inc.; 224 (centre right), © Biophysics Dept., King’s College, London, U.K.; 224 (centre left), © College
Archives, King’s College, London, U.K.; 225 (top left), © A Barrington Brown/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.;
225 (centre right), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 227
(top centre), From Inquiry Into Life 9thed.© 2000, 1997 by McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 228 (centre right), Biology
Media/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 229 (bottom left), K.G. Murti/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.; 231 (top left),
K.G. Murti/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.; 231 (top right), Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 232 (bottom left),
© Petit Format/Nestle/Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 235 (top left), NIH/Kakefuda/Science Source/Photo
Researchers, Inc.; 238 (bottom right), Ian Crysler; 241 (bottom left), David Hall/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 242 (top
centre), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 244 (bottom left),
Dr. Renee Martin; 249 (top right), NIH/Kakefuda/Science Source/Photo Researchers Inc.; 250 (bottom right), Bonnie
Sue/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 251 (background), Gary Meszaros/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.; 252 (bottom left), Artbase Inc.;
253 (centre right), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 255
(centre right), K.R. Porter/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 257 (centre right), Artbase Inc.; 259 (top centre), From Raven and
Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 259 (centre left), Oscar L. Miller/Science
Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 260 (bottom right), Photo courtesy of Bert O’Malley; 263 (centre left), John
Henley/Firstlight.ca; 269 (bottom left), Kiseleva-Fawcett/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.; 270 (bottom left), Doell Photo; 271
(top left), Professor Oscar Miller/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 272 (bottom left), Dan Guravich/Photo
Researchers, Inc.; 272 (centre right), Andrew J. Martinez/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 277 (centre left), From Inquiry Into
Life 9thed.© 2000, 1997 by McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 277 (top right), From Inquiry Into Life 9thed.© 2000, 1997
by McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 278 (top right), Owen Franken/CORBIS/MAGMA; 279 (bottom left), O.L. Miller, B.R.
Beatty & D.W. Fawcett/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.; 279 (bottom right), E. Kiseleva & D. Fawcett/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.;
282 (centre right), Oscar L. Miller, Jr.; 284 (bottom right), VO TRUNG DUNG/CORBIS SYGMA/MAGMA; 285
(background), Carmela Leszczynski/Animals Animals; 286 (bottom left), Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; 288 (top
left), From Inquiry Into Life 9thed.© 2000, 1997 by McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 288 (bottom right), Will & Deni
McIntyre/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 289 (bottom centre), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm.
C. Brown Communications Inc.; 293 (bottom left), Bettmann/CORBIS/MAGMA; 295 (top centre), From Raven and
Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 295 (bottom centre), From Inquiry Into
Life 9thed.© 2000, 1997 by McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 296 (bottom left), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding
Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 297 (bottom right), Jean-Claude Revy/ISM-Phototake; 298 (top
centre), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 299 (centre
right), AFP/CORBIS/MAGMA; 300 (bottom right), Jeffrey L. Rotman/CORBIS/MAGMA; 303 (bottom left), Galleria
degali Uffizi, Florence, Italy/Bridgeman Library; 306 (bottom centre), Courtesy of Dr. Stanley N. Cohen; 307 (top left),
© Dr. John Sanford/Cornell University; 307 (centre right), Artbase Inc.; 309 (bottom left), Papilio/CORBIS/MAGMA;
310 (bottom left), Kevin R. Morris/CORBIS/MAGMA; 312 (bottom left), George Bernard/Science Photo Library/Photo
Researchers, Inc.; 312 (bottom right), Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 313 (centre right), MURDO MACLEOD/
CORBIS/MAGMA; 317 (centre left), Mark Richards/PhotoEdit; 322 (centre left), Reuters New Media Inc./CORBIS/
MAGMA; 327 (top left), Kiseleva-Fawcett/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.; 330 (bottom centre), Andrew MacRae/Smithsonian
Institute; 331 (background), Jim Zipp/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 332 (bottom right), Trevor Bonderud/Firstlight.ca; 333
(background), Tom & Pat Leeson/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 334 (bottom left), Ron Planck/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 335
(top centre), From Inquiry Into Life 9thed.© 2000, 1997 by McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 338 (bottom), Carolyn A.
McKeone/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 342 (bottom centre), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm.
C. Brown Communications Inc.; 343 (top left), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown
Communications Inc.; 343 (top left), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown
Communications Inc.; 343 (bottom left), Artbase Inc.; 343 (bottom right), Hal Beral/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.; 344
(bottom centre), From Inquiry Into Life 9thed.© 2000, 1997 by McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 346 (bottom centre),
From Life Scienceby Lucy Daniel © 1997 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill; 349 (bottom), Marvin Mattelson/National Geographic
Society; 350 (bottom centre), From Glencoe, Biology: The Dynamics of Life© The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 350
(top right), Jon Nelson; 351 (bottom centre), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown
Communications Inc.; 351 (centre right), James L. Amos/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 352 (centre left), University of
Cambridge; 353 (top left), Victor Boswell/National Geographic Society; 353 (bottom left), Minden Pictures/Firstlight.ca;
353 (bottom centre), Brian Enting/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 353 (bottom right), Tom McHugh/Photo Researchers, Inc.;
354 (bottom right), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 355
(bottom left), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 355
(centre right), From Life Scienceby Lucy Daniel © 1997 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill; 356 (bottom right), Dr. Wu Xiao-Chun;
358 (top left), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 360 (top
left), From Glencoe, Biology: Living Systems© The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 362 (bottom right), David M.
Phillips/Visuals Unlimited, Inc.; 363 (background), Artbase Inc.; 364 (bottom centre), From Glencoe, Biology: The
Dynamics of Life© The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 365 (bottom left), From Raven and Johnson, Understanding
Biology© 1995 Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc.; 366 (centre right), From Glencoe, Biology: Living Systems© The
McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.; 367 (top left), From Glencoe, Biology: Living Systems© The McGraw-Hill Companies
Inc.; 367 (bottom centre), © 1988 Chris Bjornberg/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 368 (top left), Barbara Magnuson/Visuals
604 MHR • Credits