Biology 12

68 MHR • Unit 1 Metabolic Processes

SECTION REVIEW

1. List in order the four stages of aerobic cellular
   respiration. For each molecule of glucose that enters
   the respiration process, identify the number of ATP
   molecules produced in each stage.


2. What is the purpose of glycolysis?


3. List the products of glycolysis.


4. How is NAD+important to glycolysis?


5. How is ATP important to start glycolysis?


6. Use Figures 3.5 and 3.6 as a guide to make a
   flowchart for glycolysis. Include the names of the
   intermediate molecules.


7. Give an example of substrate-level
   phosphorylation.


8. Using diagrams, explain the process of
   substrate-level phosphorylation.


9. List the coupled reactions that transfer energy
   to or from glycolysis.


10. The process of glycolysis is thought to have
    emerged very early in the origins of life. What
    evidence to support this theory can you find in the
    material presented in this section? Discuss your ideas
    with a partner, and then write a brief summary of
    your findings.


11. The total amount of energy released from the
    chemical bonds of glucose is 2870 kJ/mol, after the
    initial investment of two ATP. The total energy that
    can be harvested to form ATP molecules is about
    1200 kJ/mol glucose.

(a)After the initial investment of two ATP, 38 ATP

are produced. How much energy was used to

phosphorylate one ADP?

(b)What percentage of the total energy contained

in glucose is captured during glycolysis?

12. Glycolysis is often described as being an
    inefficient process. List points in support of this
    statement and points against it. Devise a new
    statement using a term other than “inefficient”
    to describe the process of glycolysis.


13. 
    

(a)Copy and complete the graph by plotting the

relative energy level of each molecule.

(b)Which molecule has the highest amount of

stored energy?

(c)Which molecule has the least amount of

stored energy?

glucose fructose

phosphate

fructose

diphosphate

PGAL

Increasing energy level

I

C

I

C

K/U

C

K/U

C

K/U

K/U

K/U

K/U

K/U