metamorphosis 14
metatrypanosomes 52, 53
MHC molecules 70, 71, 73, 74, 78, 123
mice 104
Michaelis constant 89
microcirculation 94
micro-environment 1
microfilaria(e) 9, 14, 55, 56, 88
microgamete(s) 13, 24, 50, 52
microgametocyte 55
microscopic parasites 2
microtriches 30
microtubules 22, 90
microvilli 54
migration 2, 7, 8
miracidium 16, 36, 61, 62, 75, 98, 102
mitochondria 18, 30, 31
membrane 86
molecular disguise 100, 117
molecular mimicry 10
molecular variability 67
molluscs 15, 37
monoclonal antibodies 69, 100
monocytes 69, 70, 73, 76, 77
Monogenea 27, 34, 36
Monogenoidea 12
mononuclear cells 56
mono-olein 85
mosquito 23
Aedes 55
Anopheles 51
Culex 51
mouthparts 8
MSA (merozoite surface antigen) 127
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 53
mucopolysaccharide 30, 79
mucosa 9, 44
mucosal mast cells 79
multicellular organism(s) 11, 65
Multiceps multiceps 15
multiple fission 19
multiplication
asexual 4, 14, 15, 34, 93
sexual 4, 11
muscle layers
Eucestoda (tapeworms) 31
Mycobacterium118–119
Mycobacterium bovis 118
Mycobacterium leprae 118
myeloblasts 72, 73
myeloid cells 72, 76
myeloperoxidases 75
myoblasts 31
myocardium 54
myofibrils 31
myofilaments 31
Nanophyetus salmonicola 37
NANPnsequences 122
natural killer cells (NK cells) 66, 71, 78
nausea 98
necrosis 11, 12, 93, 103, 105, 106
Nematoda 2, 6
nematodes 27, 37, 90, 91
Nematomorpha 27
INDEXneotenic larvae 49
nerve ganglia 31
neurocysticercosis 34, 97
neurotoxins 69
neutrophils 68–70, 75, 76, 124
nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide (NAD) 86
nitric oxide 124
nitrogen (radicals) 70, 78, 96
nitrogenous waste 26, 93
nitrosamines 99
N-nitroso-compounds 99
nodules 56
non-self 10, 11, 65
non-sterile immunity 10
nucleolus 18
nucleus 30
nurse cells 46
nutrients 6, 7, 83
essential 9
nutrition 7
nutrition of parasites 83–92
obligate parasites 3
obstruction, by flukes 104
obstructive jaundice 99
ocular larvae migrans 49
oedema 8, 97
oesophagus 16, 38
Onchocerca5, 112
Onchocerca volvulus55, 56
onchocerciasis 76
Oncomelania 61
oncomiracidium 49
oncospheral membrane 28
oncosphere 12, 28, 33, 57–59, 104–106
oocyst 13, 22, 52, 54
oocyte(s) 12, 23, 52, 54
ookinete 23, 52
ootype 36
operculate egg 28
operculum 63
Opisthorchis felinus 98
Opisthorchis viverrini98, 99
oral infection 3
oral sucker 35
orbatid mite 60
organelle(s) 18, 22, 30, 52
osmotic regulation 18
ovary 29, 31
ovoviviparous parasites 12, 55
oxalacetate 86
oxygen (radicals/intermediates) 70, 75, 78,
96
P155/ring antigen 126
pain 11
pancreatic duct 26
pancreatitis 104
panomastigotes 53
Panstrongylusspp. 53
papillae 39, 61
paracortex 70, 75
paracrine cytokines 69
Paragonimus westermani16, 35, 98
parasitaemia 10, 93parasite, definition 1
‘parasites of economic importance’ 2, 6, 7
parasitism, nature of 5
parasitology 1, 2
parasitophorous vacuole 51
paratenic hosts 49
parenchyma 26, 29
parenchymal cells 86
parthenogenic species 13, 14, 38
pathogen associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs) 65, 69, 71, 79, 80
pathogen receptor regions (PPRs) 65, 69,
71, 79, 80
pathological damage 2, 3, 8, 11, 93–109
Pentastomid 76
peptide fragments 78
peptidoglycans 90
perianal region 43, 44
periarteriolar sheath (PAS) 74
perienteric fluid haemolymph 87
perinuclear cytoplasm 30
periodic release of merozoites 52
peritoneal cavity 9, 97
permeability 79, 88
phagocytes 65–67, 72, 93
antigen-presenting cells 70, 80
evasion 10
fibrin degradation 95
macrophage 78
malaria 122
mechanism of action 69, 70
see alsomacrophage
phagocytosis 10, 19, 75, 78, 84, 95
pharynx 38, 84
protrusible 26
phenol oxidase 36
phenols 36
Phlebotoma 53
phosphate 83
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) 85, 86
phosphofructokinase (PFK) 90
phosphohydrolase 83
phospholipase 95
phospholipids 95
pinocytosis 75, 83, 84
pinosomes 30
piperazine 90
Piroplasmia 19
Piroplasmida 19
placenta 48, 54
plasma 94
plasma cells 70, 90
plasmablasts 72
plasmalemma 18
plasmin 95
Plasmodium19, 51–52, 93
chemotherapy against 90, 91
energy storage 85
host–parasite reactions 10, 93
life-cycle 5, 51–52
migration within host 9, 51, 93
red blood cells 22, 51, 121
vaccine development 121, 122
see alsomalaria
Plasmodium chabaudi 123