On Biomimetics by Lilyana Pramatarova

Biomimetic Structured Porogen Freeform Fabrication System for Tissue Engineering
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Engineering

Bone structure

Biomimetic modeling

Data From

CT, MRI, ...

CAD Model

External Structure

Internal Structure

SFF Fabrication

ECM negative pattern

& outer shell

With modified sucrose

Injection

CPC/Polymer composite

Sintering

improve mechanical integrity

Removing

skeleton materials

Fig. 2. Diagram of the main processes in the bone scaffold and tissue manufacturing system.

(A) (B) (C)

Fig. 3. A simplified illustration of structured porogen method for bone scaffold fabrication
(note: for easy illustration a square shape is used): (a) structured porogen takes the majority
of the volume; (b) biopolymer composite injected into the skeleton cavity; (c) after removing
the porogen a thin wall fine structure scaffold is formed.

skeletal fixation [Albee, 1920; Ruhe, Hedberg, Padron, Spauwen, Jansen and Mikos, 2003; Xu
and Simon, 2004; Xu, Quinn, Takagi and Chow, 2004and Barralet, Grover, Gaunt, Wright
and Gibson, 2002]. CaP is bioactive, so the osteoblasts can successfully attach with biological
hard tissue. However, because it has relatively poor mechanical properties (it is a brittle
material) CaP is not suitable for load-bearing sites or large bony defects. Incorporation of
CaP into PCL would overcome the shortcoming of hydrophobicity of the PCL and the
brittleness of the ceramic CaP. In our research CaP microparticles will be hybridized with
PCL melting solution to make the PCL-CaP composite scaffolds. With alteration in the

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