Index 297
Dugdale, J., 284
Dunnell, R. C., 233–234
Dysfunction, 3, 6, 13, 112, 115, 269–270. See also
Malfunction
Ecological restoration, 91, 147–161
Ecosystem, 5, 8, 91, 98–99, 115, 147–153,
158, 160
Eder, W. E., 203, 207, 211, 216
Elder, C. L., 190, 198, 201n4
Electronics, evolutionary, 223, 229–231
Elliot, R., 147–157
Embryogenesis, 232–233, 237
Emergence, 131–132, 224–225, 277–289
Emergentism, 18–19
Enç, B., 34n10, 142n2
Endler, J. A., 44
Endosymbiogenesis, 260, 266
Energeia, 5–6
Entelecheia, 6
Environmental historians, 147
Epiphenomenon, 278
Epistemically emergent, 225, 280, 285–289
Epistemic theories of function, 72–86
Epistemology, 10, 19–20, 29–31, 185–187
Eppinger, S. D., 259, 263
Equilibrium, 6, 99
refl ective, 129
Erwin, D. H., 262
Essential function. See Function, essential
Etiological function. See Function, etiological
Etiological theory of function, 39, 43–44, 51–54, 56,
62–65, 71, 78, 84, 86, 90, 105–110, 115, 121–122.
See also Selected-effects theory of function;
Theory of proper functions
Evaluative dimension of functions/evaluative
function claims, 98, 93, 113, 118
EvoDevo. See Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolution, 4–5, 8–9, 13–14, 18–32, 38–39, 42, 52,
55–58, 139–140, 223–224, 227–238, 243–256,
259–273
Evolutionary developmental biology, 247–248
Evolvability, 263–265
Expectation, epistemically justifi ed, 110–113
Explanation, 5, 17, 30–33, 132, 244–255, 262–265,
286
adaptationist/adaptive, 139, 263, 266
causal, 59–60, 108, 262
etiological, 53
evolutionary, 260, 264–265, 269, 271
functional, 60
intentionalist, 234, 236
mechanistic, 132
naturalistic, 17
population, 255
teleofunctional, 19
teleological, 6
top-down, 60
typological, 246–248
External function. See Function, external
Facts, fi rst-order and second-order, 118–120
Fell, D. A., 273n9
Feltz, B., 277
Fitness, 14, 43–45, 48, 252
Flannery, K. V., 234
Fodor, J., 34nn9–10
For-ness, 164, 173–181
Foundationalism, 30
Franssen, M., 7, 80, 90, 103–125, 274n, 293
Franz-Odendaal, T. A., 262
Friedman, Michael, 238
Friedman, Milton, 251, 255
Friedman, N., 261
Function. See also Theory of function
accidental, 49, 163, 203, 208–210, 217
artifact, 5, 13, 15, 18, 20, 23, 25, 27–28, 52–54, 56,
99, 113, 120, 187, 189, 192, 218–219
biological, 5, 8, 13–15, 26–28, 51, 53–54,
57–58, 60, 65, 69–70, 72, 82–86, 89, 101,
113–114, 120, 153, 165, 204, 207–208, 210,
223, 269
component, 203, 206–207, 209–210, 217–219
concept of, 10, 13, 104, 269–270
cultural, 14, 49, 56–58
essential, 208–219
etiological, 94, 269 (see also Etiological theory of
function; Proper function)
external, 203, 206, 209–210, 217–218
intended, 46, 49, 53–65, 171, 195
intentional, 75, 94
latent, 46–47, 123n15
local, 206, 209, 217
of a new artifact, 52, 62–65
normative, 8–9, 90, 95, 109, 113–115, 127–142
objective, 69–86
origin of, 14, 52, 54, 65
partial, 207
phantom (see Phantom function)
proper, 14, 23, 27, 31–32, 37–49, 61, 104, 108–110,
114–115, 120, 141, 163, 197, 209 (see also
Function, etiological; Theory of proper functions)
as property, 15, 58, 69
as relation, 69–70, 72, 74
as selected effect, 14, 51, 54
subjective, 15, 69–86, 204, 285
system, 49, 207, 211
systemic, 90, 127, 140–141, 269
technical, 3–5, 7, 13, 69–86, 89, 204, 207, 219,
280–289
teleological, 13, 17–19, 23, 25, 29–31
unintended/nonintended, 46, 56,
way of achievement, 211–212
of (artifact as) a whole, 52