300 Index
Needham, J., 253–255
Nelson, R., 248–249, 251, 255
Neo-teleology, 41–42
Network, 224–225, 253
gene regulatory, 224, 259, 268–269, 273
metabolic, 261–262, 265, 269, 272
as a whole, 269
Newton, Isaac, 131–134
Niagara Falls as artifacts, 24
Niebuhr, R., 129
Nissen, L., 18–19
Nonexplainability, 285–286, 288
Non-intentionalism, 240n14
Norm, 3, 6, 93–95, 117, 269, 274. See also
Normativity
Norman, D., 180, 182n16
Normative function. See Function, normative
Normativity, 3, 6–9, 11, 13, 53, 80–82, 89–91, 93–
101, 103–122, 127, 130, 139–141, 147–159, 223
Novelty, 42. See also Innovation
Objective function. See Function, objective
O’Brien, M., 234–236, 240nn10–20
O’Connor, T., 290n1
Onami, S., 261
Ontogenesis, 262, 267, 270–271
Ontologically emergent, 280–282, 289
Ontological status, 159, 163–164, 170. See also
Metaphysics sensu Ontology
Ontological theories of function, 72–80, 84–86
Ookubo, M., 218
Operand, 204–205, 212, 216–218
Oppenheim, P., 100
Organ, 3, 8, 48, 94–95, 99, 101, 109–113, 120–121,
210, 259–260, 262, 268
Organization, 4, 6, 9, 97, 100, 153, 259–272. See
also Self-organization
Ought, 89–90, 94–95, 98, 103–122
Owen, O. E., 271
Owen, Richard, 245–246
Oyama, S., 142n8
Pahl, G., 204, 211, 215, 259, 263–264, 267, 270
Paley, William, 42, 130–135, 139
Palmer, K. D., 290n4
Palsson, B. Ø., 261, 265
Papin, J. A., 261
Papineau, D., 18–19, 31, 142n2
Paradigm, 18, 244. See also Control paradigm
Parcellation, 262, 265–266, 272–273
Pargetter, R., 18–19, 31, 66n2
Part-whole relation, 90, 96, 98, 100–101, 204,
- See also Whole
Pathway
developmental, 9, 259, 262
evolutionary, 272
metabolic, 261, 271, 275
Pauling, L., 47
Pavard, B., 284
Peirce, Charles Sanders, 100
Peppered moth. See Biston betularia
Perlman, M., 9, 13, 17–36, 66n9, 209, 218, 294
Petroski, H., 42
PF. See Theory of proper functions
Phantom function, 46–47, 209
Phenotype, 108, 114, 232
Phylogenetics, 234–235, 241
Plantinga, A., 19, 142n2
Plasticity, 263, 277
Plato, 19, 29, 139, 143n12
Pluralism, 66n9, 188. See also Teleo-pluralism
Pollock, J., 33n7
Population, 40–41, 107, 117, 189–190, 224,
243–256
Population thinking, 224, 243–256
Potgieter, A. E. G., 287
Preston, B., 10, 13–14, 32, 33n3, 37–50, 71, 86n1,
142n2, 200n4, 209, 294
Price, C., 142n2
Production, 9–10, 49, 95, 170, 188–189, 194, 196,
198, 200, 234, 236, 248, 270. See also Series
production
Progress in knowledge, 128–140, 288
Promiscuous teleology, 172–173
Propagation vs. selection, 57
Proper function, 14, 23, 27, 31–32, 37–49, 61, 104,
108–110, 114–115, 120, 141, 163, 197, 209. See
also Function, etiological; Theory of proper
functions
Prototype, 39, 45, 48–49, 63–64, 116, 283
Psychoanalysis, 29
Psychology, 28–29, 127–128, 136–141, 168–177,
179–180, 238, 248, 250, 253
cognitive, 164, 167
Purpose, 17, 20–23, 27, 43, 45, 56, 71–74, 80, 90,
96, 99, 104, 111, 117, 119–121, 127, 129–131,
134–141, 170–174, 195, 207, 214, 223, 227,
231–232, 237
Putnam, H., 187
Quasi-agent, 137
Quasi-artifact, 121
Quasi-function, 213–214, 217
Quasi-goal, 214
Raff, R. A., 262, 265
Rain dance, 113–114
Rakita, G. F. M., 240n16
Rasskin-Gutman, D., 263, 271, 273n2
Ratcliffe, M., 182n4
Raz, J., 123n19
Rea, M., 168
Realism
normative, 7
strong, 185, 187
Realizability, 178. See also Multiple realizability