CI = 2.99–4.41) (Schnakenberg E, 2000). Approximately 5–10% of chemical
workers exposed to diisocyanates develop asthma and the combination of the
GSTM3AA genotype and the GSTM1 null genotype resulted in a strong
(OR = 11.0, CI 2.2–55.3) correlative effect (Piirila et al., 2001).
3.3.8 GST Pi Class
3.3.8.1 Substrates GSTP1-1PAH fjord region and bay region diol epoxides,
acrolein, base propenals, chlorambucil, ethacrynic acid, CNDB-moderate,
DCNB-low, ethacrynic acid-high, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole,
thiotepa, COMC-6, 4-oxo-nonenal, PGA2 PGJ 2 (S-isomer conjugates favored).
3.3.8.2 Polymorphisms GSTP1 is the most abundant GST in human lung,
with strong expression in the bronchial epithelium. A major role for this
enzyme may be to protect the body from inhaled toxicants such as
PAHs. GSTP1-1 can be translocated into the nucleus and may serve a
protective role against electrophiles and cancer drugs resulting in drug
resistance (Goto et al., 2002). Exposure to cancer drugs such as doxorubicin
and etoposide have been shown to increase nuclear transport and transport can
be inhibited by a mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) lectin (Goto et al., 2002). Four
TABLE 3.12 Frequency of the GSTM1^ 0/^ 0 (null allele) in various ethnic groups
Ethnic group #Studied Frequency
United States (Caucasian) 1751 0.737
Swedish 544 0.747
Finnish 482 0.684
German 734 0.718
French 1184 0.731
Scottish 42 0.673
English 1122 0.760
Russian 1000 0.697
Spanish 312 0.705
Saudis 895 0.750
Chinese 96 0.765
Japanese 639 0.689
Korean 165 0.721
Singapore 244 0.749
Filipino 80 0.814
Micronesian 37 1.00
Melanesian 49 0.795
Polynesian 49 0.904
Indian 43 0.560
African men 292 0.483
African women 187 0.566
Data from compilation of Gerte (2001).
GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASES 79