Digoxin
Nifedipine
Increase in serum
concentration (+15%)
P-gp
Kleinbloesem et al. (1985)
Digoxin
Tiapamil
Increase in plasma
concentration(1.6-fold: 0.5–1.5
!
0.9–1.9 ng/mL)
P-gp
Lessem and Bellinetto (1983)
Digoxin
Spironolactone
Decrease in total
clearance (
31%) and
renal clearance(
18%)
P-gp
Fenster et al. (1984)
Digoxin
Itraconazole
Increase in AUC
(+68%), decreasein renal clearance(
20%)
P-gp
Jalava et al. (1997)
Digoxin
Clarithromycin
Decrease in
renal clearance(
48%)
P-gp
Wakasugi et al. (1998)
Digoxin
PSC-833(Valspodar)
Increase in AUC
(+76%), decreasein renal clearance(
62%)
P-gp
Kovarik et al. (1999)
Digoxin
Propafenone
Decrease in total
clearance (
31%),
decrease in renalclearance (
32%)
P-gp
Calvo et al. (1989)
Diltiazem
Grapefruit
juice
Increase in AUC
(+20%)
P-gp, CYP3A4
Christensen et al. (1989)
(continued
)
163