COMPUTATIONAL MODELING AND SIMULATION AS ENABLERS FOR BIOLOGICAL DISCOVERY 169
models have been coupled with a non-linear reaction-diffusion equation model of electrical propagation incorporat-
ing an ionic cellular model of the cardiac action potential and its regulation by stretch. At the other end of the
hierarchy, Huber has recently developed a method, the Hierarchical Collective Motions method, for integrating
molecular dynamics simulation results from small sections of a large molecule into a quasi-continuum model of the
entire molecule.
FIGURE 5.14.1 Some major functional subsystems of an integrated heart model and their hierarchical relationships from
cell to tissue to organ and cardiovascular system.
SOURCE: A.D. McCulloch and G. Huber, “Integrative Biological Modelling in Silico,” pp. 4-19 in ‘In Silico’ Simulation of
Biological Processes No. 247, Novartis Foundation Symposium, G. Bock and J.A. Goode, eds., John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,
Chichester, UK, 2002. Text and figure reproduced with permission from John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (References omitted.)
