High Temperature Superconducting Magnetic Levitation

9.4 HTS FESS principle model Ë 345

Tab

. 9.3:

Comparison of technical characteristics of different energy storage systems [51].

Eflciency(%)

Capacity(MW)

Energy density(Wh/kg)

Responsetime

Life time(years)

Maturity

Environmentalimpact

Capital ($/kWand $/kWh)

FES

S

93–95

0.25

10–30

Very fas (

<ms)

∼^15

Demonstration

Almost none

350 and 5000

Li-ion battery

85–90

0.1

75–200

Fast

515

Demonstration

Negative

4000 and 2500

Fuel cells

20–50

0–50

800–10,000

Good (

<1s)

5–15

Developing

Small

500–1500 and 10–20

Super-capacitors

90–95

0.3

2.5–15

Very fast

20

+

Developed

Small

300 and 2000

SMES*

95–98

0.1–10

0.5–5

Very fast

20

+

Demonstration

Benign

300 and 10,000

*SME

S=

Superconducting magnetic energy storage.