Cell Language Theory, The: Connecting Mind And Matter

92 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter

b2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”

unit (called “oxphos-some” or “oxphosome”) linked by intramembrane

(or W) protons (see the horizontal arrows shown in the first row in

Table 3.5). In other words, it is assumed in Table 3.5 that the protons that

couple the electron and the phosphoron, on the one hand, and the electron

and the hydride, on the other hand, are Williams protons and not Mitchell

protons, obeying the requirement of the pseudolinkage theory of Wyman

(see Figure 3.18) [175].

3.2.11 The Brownian Distance of Biopolymers

In Figure 3.9, the atoms of the amino acid residues in the active sites are

constantly undergoing Brownian motions (ultimately related to their

vibrational motions of chemical bonds), each atom fluctuating over some

distances, the mean value of which may be defined as the “mean Brownian

distance” (MBD), in analogy to the “mean free path” in statistical

mechanics [179] or as the “Brownian distance” (BD) for brevity. The

numerical value of MBD or BD for a given atom or groups of atoms may

range from a fraction of a nanometer to tens of nanometers, depending on

the local free energy landscape (i.e., the topology of the EMC potential

energy surface; for the definition of EMC, see Section 3.2.3). The concept

of BD is based on fluctuation of atoms over linear distances, but Brownian

motions can implicate rotary motions as well. As will be shown in Figures

3.36 and 3.37, the F 0 portion of the F 0 F 1 -ATP synthase appear to undergo

thermally driven angular fluctuations over about 30°. Thus, Brownian

motions can give rise to both linear and angular fluctuations, and these

together may be referred to as Brownian displacement (BD).

3.2.12 The Principle of Microscopic Reversibility

In formulating possible mechanisms for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, it

is important to obey two principles — the GFCP introduced in Section 2.7

and the PMR described below. PMR is well known in chemical kinetics

[180–182] and statistical mechanics [183] and is succinctly stated by Hine

[181, pp. 69–70] in the form that is useful in enzymology:

... the mechanism of reversible reaction is the same, in microscopic

detail ... for the reaction in one direction as in the other under a given

set of conditions.... (3.18)

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