Cell Language Theory, The: Connecting Mind And Matter

152 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter

b2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”

In other words,

Biopolymer conformations are mechanical energy storage devices. (3.49)

In view of the fundamental role that conformations of biopolymers are

thought to play in bioenergetics and cell language theory (see Chapter 4),

we may refer to Statement (3.49) as the conformational principle of

bioenergetics (CPBE).

Figure 3.41 The direct observation of the g-subunit rotation in the F 1 motor. (a) Schematic

diagram of the ATP synthase. (b) The side view of the ATP synthase which is composed

of the F 1 and F 0 motor sharing a common rotary shaft (gray). The shaft rotates in the clock-

wise direction (as shown) when viewed from above the membrane, when F 1 catalyzes the

hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi. As shown in (a), a stator stalk (red) connects F 0 and F 1.

When a proton flows through F 0 , it generates a rotary torque that is transmitted to F 1

through the g-subunit, forcing it to undergo the rotary conformational change described in

Figure 3.12 and synthesizes ATP. (c) The experimental system for observing the rotation

of the g-subunit, using an optical microscope. The F 1 motor tagged with 10 His residues at

the N terminus of the b-subunit was covalently immobilized upside down on a coverslip.

An actin filament (green) labeled with fluorescent dyes and biotins was attached to the

biotinylated g-subunit (gray) through streptavidin (blue). (d) The rotary movement of an

actin filament was observed from the bottom, the membrane side, using an epifluorescent

microscope. Length from the axis to tip, 2.6 mm; rotary rate, 0.5 revolution s/s; time inter-

val between frames is 133 ms. Reproduced from [205].

(a) (b) (c)

(d)

H+

ATP

ATP

ADP+Pi

ADP+Pi

F 1

F 0

streptavidin

F 1 -ATPase

His-tag

Stator

stalk

H+

β α β

γ

δ

actin filamen

t

ε Cover Slip Coated With Ni-NTA

b2861_Ch-03.indd 152 17-10-2017 11:46:56 AM