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“6x9” b2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter

of Changes). Other authors came to similar conclusions [276, 277]. The

evidences supporting this conclusion are as follows:

(1) Although the genetic code is traditionally written in terms of four let-

ters, A, G, T, and C, Petoukhov and others discovered that this “four-

letter alphabet” actually consists of three sets of “binary subalphabets”,

labeled 1, 2, and 3 in Table 5.3 (adopted from Table 1 in [275]).

(2) Similarly, the alphabet of the I-Ching hexagrams is binary and con-

tains two letters, variously represented as (i) yin and yang, (ii) a broken

line, ___ , and a continuous line, ___, or (iii) 0 and 1 (see Table 5.4).

(3) As indicated in the second row of Table 5.4, each word in the genetic

code consists of three letters, while that of the I-Ching hexagram

consists of six letters, traditionally represented as a stack of six bars,

either broken (Yin) or unbroken (Yang).

(4) Despite the difference between the number of letters per word in the

two language systems (i.e., three in the genetic language and six in

the I-Ching language), the total number of words used in the two

linguistic systems are the same, i.e., 64 (see the third row, Table 5.4).

(5) The 64 words in both languages can be organized into an 8 × 8 table

or an 8 × 8 matrix, as shown in row 5 of Table 5.4.

(6) There are distinct rules for constructing the 8 × 8 tables for the 64

codons and 64 I-Ching hexagrams which are not reviewed here.

Since there are 64 elements in both the genetic code matrix and the

I-Ching hexagram matrix, it is not surprising that there will be a

unique 1:1 mapping between these two matrices. For example, the

codon CCC can be mapped to the hexagram consisting of a stack of

six unbroken bars called “qian” (meaning “force”), the codon GGG

can be mapped to the hexagram consisting of a stack of six broken

bars called “kun” (meaning “field”), and the codon GCC (in Box 27)

can be mapped to the hexagram consisting of a stack of six bars

which are all broken except the top and the bottom bars, called “yi”

(meaning “swallowing”), etc. [275]. However, there is no physical

or chemical relation between the meanings of the codons and those

of the hexagrams. In other words, although the two 8 × 8 tables in

Table 5.4 are structurally (or syntactically) similar, their semantics

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