Cell Language Theory, The: Connecting Mind And Matter

296 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter

b2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”

The advent of the microarray technique in molecular biology in the

mid-1990s [307–313] marks an important turning point in the history of

cell biology, comparable to the discovery of DNA double helix in 1953.

Although there remain many challenging problems, both methodological

[314] and biological [301], this novel technology possesses a great poten-

tial to make fundamental contributions to advancing our basic knowledge

about the workings of the living cell, with important consequences in

medicine, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical industry.

7.2.2 The Microarray Data Interpretation Problem

It is unfortunate that, from the beginning of the microarray era, leaders in

the field have created the impression that the microarray technique allows

Figure 7.4 RNA dissipative structures (or dissipatons) encoding glycolytic enzymes. The

intracellular levels of the RNA molecules encoding glycolytic enzymes are measured in

budding yeast using DNA arrays by a Garcia-Martinez et al. in Valencia [315] at t = 0, 5,

120, 360, 450, and 850 min after switching glucose with galactose. Of the 13 trajectories

shown, the one labeled YCL040W (light blue) exhibits an unusual behavior of increasing

(rather than decreasing) between 5 and 120 min. One possible explanation for this observa-

tion is that the degradation of the YCL040W transcript is selectively suppressed following

the nutritional shift.

Dissipative Structures (Glycolysis)

0

50

100

150

200

250

-200 0200 400600 8001000

Time (Minutes)

Transcript Levels (Relative

) YPL075W

YNL199C

YMR205C

YGL256W

YGL253W

YJL052W

YBR221C

YNL071W

YER178W

YMR083W

YDR081C

YGR193C

YCL040W

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