Cell Language Theory, The: Connecting Mind And Matter

354 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter

b2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”

X-induced selection processes imposed on a more or less randomly

generated set of the ECoG signals, where X is some as-yet-unknown

factor or process responsible for generating the ECoG signals intrinsic to

the olfactory cortex [348, 349].

8.3.12 fMRI Signals from the Human Brain before

and after Psilocybin (Figure 8.6(l))

Carhart-Harris et al. [341] measured the fMRI signals from the brains of

15 healthy volunteers before and after the 60-s intravenous infusion of

psilocybin. The subject’s consciousness, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and

fMRI signals all responded within seconds. CBF values decreased in all

regions of the brain, and the subjects reported that their “thoughts wan-

dered freely”. Out of the nine brain regions examined (2° visual, 1° visual,

motor, DAN, auditory, DMN, R-FP, L-FP, salience), four regions exhibited

significant changes in their fMRI signals characterized by increases in the

deviations of the local signals from their mean, i.e., an increase in vari-

ance. By “local” is meant to indicate brain tissue volume elements (voxels)

measuring a few millimeters in dimensions. When the distances of the

signals of individual voxels from the group-mean fMRI signal are calcu-

lated and grouped into bins and their frequencies are counted, histograms

shown in Figure 8.6(l) were obtained, which fitted PDE. The numerical

values of the PDE fitting these two histograms differed, especially the b/A

ratios, which increased from 0.93 to 1.62 by the psilocybin infusion (see

row l in Table 8.1). These observations suggest that PDE and its three free

parameters, A, B, and C, may be utilized to classify all fMRI signals meas-

ured from live individuals under normal and pathophysiological condi-

tions, and the quantitative method afforded by PDE may open up novel

opportunities for discovering drugs for treating many CNS diseases,

including chronic depressions and Alzheimer’s disease.

8.3.13 Sentence-Length Frequency Distributions in Private Letters

(Figure 8.6(m))

The sentence-length frequency distribution in private letters fits

PDE, indicating that the sentence lengths were selected by letter writers

nonrandomly.

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