8 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matterb2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”Table1.2Three stages of the development of scientific knowledge.FieldDescription (1)Organization (2)Theory Building (3)Physics (A)Atomic spectra (e.g., Lyman,Balmer, Ritz–Paschen, etc. series of hydrogen atomic spectral lines in the 19th century)Bohr’s atomic model (1913)Quantum mechanics (1926)Chemistry (B)Chemical structuresChemical reactions (since theMiddle Ages, 5th–15th century)Periodictable(1869)Thermodynamics (19th century)Statistical mechanics (late 19th and early 20th centuries)Kinetic theory (early 20th century)Theory of self-organization (second half of the 20th century)Linguistics (C)Descriptive linguistics (sincethe 6th to 5th century BC?)Grammars and lexicons (from 5thcentury BC to 10th century AD?)F. de Saussure’s linguisticsC. S. Peirce’s semioticsN. Chomsky’s Universal Grammar (19th–20th century)Biology (D)Descriptive biology (since thetime of Aristotle in the 4th century BC)Cell doctrine (1838–1839)Cell structure (19th century)Metabolic pathways (1930s)Chargaff’s rules (1950)DNA double helix (1953)Genetic code (1961)Signal transduction pathways andGenetic networks (second half of the 20th century)
DNA scrunching mechanism oftranscription initiation (2006)Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859)Induced-fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis (1958) [13, 28]Pre-fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis (1974) [12, 25,pp. 209–213]
Biocybernetics (1972–1991) [7]Conformon theory of molecular machines (1972–1974)[7, pp. 31–38]
Cell force postulate (1991–2012) [7, pp. 90–118]Cell language theory (1995–2000) [19–23]Complementarism (2004) [24]Category theory of everything (cTOE) (2012) [25, pp. 633–642]Dissipaton-targeting drugs (2012) [25, p. 618]Planckian information,Ip
(2015) [26]Note: The columns are labeled with Arabic numerals and the rows with English letters. Thus, A3 indicates quantum mechanics, B2 indicates the periodictable, etc.b2861_Ch-01.indd 8 17-10-2017 11:37:04 AM