Cell Language Theory, The: Connecting Mind And Matter

The Philosophical Implications of the Cell Language Theory 441

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As discussed in Section 8.3, the Planckian distribution Equation (PDE),

Equation (8.2) or (8.3), has been found to fit almost all long-tailed histo-

grams analyzed so far in the fields ranging from atomic physics to molecular

biology, cell biology, brain neuroscience, economics, linguistics, and cos-

mology. Most of these histograms are right long-tailed. But we found a

small number of left long-tailed histograms that also fit PDE, and hence IP

< 0, according to equation (8.10), since, for left long-tailed histograms,

AUC(PDE) is always less than AUC(GLE). By extension, we can infer that,

when AUC(PDE) = AUC(GLE), IP would be zero. These results demonstrate

that Planckian information can be positive, negative, or zero, unlike Shannon

information which is always positive or zero [442]. Since (thermodynamic)

entropy cannot be negative according to the Third Law of thermodynamics,

Shannon information shares a common property with the thermodynamic

entropy (in contrast to its opposite property relative to “information” in our

everyday lives). Hence, it seems logical to replace “Shannon information”,

IS, with Shannon entropy, SS, thereby keeping the meanings of “entropy” and

“information” separate and distinct and not synonymous in agreement with

Wicken [369] and with the First Law of informatics formulated in [551].

10.17 Semiotics and Information Theory

The study of information may not be successfully carried out without the

aid of semiotics. This is because information is carried by signs (i.e., with-

out signs, no information can be generated, transformed, or transmitted)

and the study of signs in general is the domain of semiotics. As evident in

the following quotations, D. Nauta [433] came to a similar conclusion:

Much work has been done in the field of pure information theory, but the

problems concerning the meaning (i.e., semantics vis-à-vis syntactics;

my addition) and application (i.e., pragmatics; my addition) of informa-

tion have largely been neglected. In our opinion, these important prob-

lems can be tackled only from a semiotic point of view. The key to these

problems will be the analysis of signals, signs and symbols. [433, p. 29]

Semiotics, divided into transmission theory, syntactics, semantics and

pragmatics, and subdivided into pure, descriptive, and applied semiotics,

offers a general framework for the study of information processes and

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