24 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matterb2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”irreconcilably opposite A and B. (The quality of light as directly
perceived through the human eye transcends the level of instrument
mediated observations/measurements where it exhibits either wave or
particle properties.)These elements of the complementarian (or triune) logic can be
conveniently represented as a triangle (Figure 2.5).C Level 2
Transcendentality
ABLevel 1
Figure 2.5 An iconic representation of the complementarian logic. Each node is occupied
by one of the three logical elements, and the edges have the following meanings: A–B =
exclusivity; A–C or B–C = essentiality; levels 1 and 2 = transcendentality.2.5 System vs. Systome
The terms “system” and “environment” have been widely used in many
fields of natural, engineering, medical, and social sciences for decades.
Most discussions on systems, e.g., “systems biology”, “systems physi
ology”, etc. tend to focus on the structure and workings of a system and
its components rather than on the system’s environment and its effects on
the system.
A paradigm example of systembiased approach to science is provided
by the proteinfolding experiment of Anfinsen [54] carried out in the
1950s that is focused on the changes in the conformational structure of a
protein, ribonuclease A. (The term “conformation” of a protein refers to
the threedimensional structure of the protein that can be changed without
breaking or formatting any covalent bond; see Table 3.16 for the differ
ence between conformation and configuration of a molecule.) His experi
mental results were interpreted to support what is often referred to as the
Anfinsen dogma that protein folds are completely determined by their
amino acid sequences. Anfinsen’s experiments viewed ribonuclease A as
a system and downplayed the role of the environment of the protein on itsb2861_Ch-02.indd 24 17-10-2017 11:39:01 AM