Cell Language Theory, The: Connecting Mind And Matter

34 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter

b2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”

complementarity (PMSC), advanced by Pattee [88–91], may be viewed

as another important manifestation of PIEC. According to PMSC (later

renamed as the von Neumann–Pattee principle of matter–sign comple-

mentarity [21]), all self­reproducing systems have two complementary

aspects — physical law-governed material/energetic aspect and the

evolutionary rule- governed informational (or symbolic) aspect. Pattee

asserts that open­ended evolution is possible if and only if evolving sys­

tems have both these aspects so as to effectuate what he calls a semantic

closure [92, 93].

2.10 The Principle of Irreducible Triadicity

According to the metaphysics of Peirce [94–99], all phenomena, material

or mental, living or nonliving, comprise three basic elements — Firstness

(e.g., quality, feeling, possibilities), Secondness (e.g., facts, actualities,

reaction, interaction, brute force), and Thirdness (e.g., generality, laws,

habit­taking, representation, reasoning). For example, in logic, there are

three and only three kinds of relations: C = monadic, A = dyadic, and

B = triadic relation. We may represent this principle diagrammatically as

shown in Figure 2.8.

Firstness

Secondness Thirdness

Figure 2.8 A diagrammatic representation of the principle of irreducible triadicity of

firstness, secondness, and thirdness of Peirce [94–99].

2.11 Symmetries and Symmetry Breakings

Symmetry is generally defined as “invariance under any kind of transfor­

mation” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry) or as “the existence of

different viewpoints from which the system appears the same” [100].

Darvas [101] provides a more detailed definition:

In a generalized sense, we can speak of symmetry if

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