Cell Language Theory, The: Connecting Mind And Matter

60 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter

b2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”

Figure 3.4 The supermolecule defined as the unit of the structure and function of the

mitochondrial inner membrane carrying out all coupled processes in mitochondria, includ-

ing oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos), active transport, and energized transhydrogenation.

(a) The main structural components of the supermolecule are: (i) ETC (of which there are

four complexes, namely I, II, III, and IV), (ii) ATP synthase, and (iii) the stalk connecting

ETC to ATP synthase. The base piece of the stalk sector symbolized as a cube supporting

the stalk is later identified with the F 0 component of the F 0 F 1 –ATPase (see the upper right-

hand corner of Figure 3.35). (b) The side view of the complete electron transport chain

coupled to the three ATP synthases that together catalyzes the oxidation of one NADH

molecule with an oxygen atom to produce one water molecule while producing

(a)

(b)

ATPase

Stalk sector

electron transfer

proteins

Proton transfer

proteins

C 1

C 1

b

b b b

H+

H+

H+

H+

e–

e–

e–

e–

nhFe nhfe

QH 2

Coupling site I

ATPase

2e–

2H+ 2H+

2e–

2H+

H 2 O

2e–

ATPase ATPase

Coupling site II Coupling site III

2C+3

DPNH 2 + Q 2C+3^1 / 2 O 2

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