. See Numan V. Bartley,The Creation of Modern Georgia(Athens: University of Geor-
gia Press, ), –, esp. –, on the land lottery (the descriptor ‘‘democratical’’ is
quoted on ). On persisting legal struggles with remaining natives and the rise of a
cotton kingdom, see –. Bartley quoted a slightly different wording of the frontier
plantation ditty () used as the first epigraph. The song’s first stanza is virtually ubiq-
uitous in the literature and usually includes ‘‘Indian nation’’ or ‘‘Cherokee nation.’’
. For dating and definitions of ‘‘plantation,’’ see first theOxford English Dictionary
(compact ed., ), :–. Also see Edgar T. Thompson, ‘‘The Plantation’’ (Ph.D.
diss., University of Chicago, ), chap. , but esp. Philip D. Curtin,The Rise and Fall
of the Plantation Complex: Essays in Atlantic History(Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, ), which includes references to Muslim as well as Christian European agri-
cultural colonies in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, Caribbean, and both American conti-
nents. Since Curtin’s definition of the ‘‘complex’’ includes slavery as constant, emanci-
pations brought about the ‘‘fall,’’ but Curtin well understands that slaves neither were
nor are the only sort of coerced labor. This chapter charts the life of the ‘‘complex’’ well
beyond emancipation.
. On the London-centered global business of land speculation, the getting and
marketing of plantation-made commodities, and the slave trade, see (e.g.) Charles
Royster,The Fabulous History of the Dismal Swamp Company: A Story of George Washing-
ton’s Times(New York: Knopf, ), esp. chap. , ‘‘The Age of Paper.’’ (Royster’s book
title has little to do with contents.) See also Jack P. Greene,Pursuits of Happiness: The So-
cial Development of Early Modern British Colonies and the Formation of American Culture
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, ), esp. chap. , and Elizabeth Fox-
Genovese and Eugene D. Genovese,The Fruits of Merchant Capital: Slaveryand Bourgeois
Property in the Rise and Expansion of Capitalism(New York: Oxford University Press,
), esp. chaps. –. The following discussion of Atlantic islands and sugar planta-
tions is derived principally from Alfred W. Crosby,Ecological Imperialism: The Biological
Expansion of Europe, –(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ), –.
. Philip Curtin,The African Slave Trade: A Census(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity Press, ), remains (in my opinion) the best estimate of Africans imported
into the New World. On prisoners, see Robert Reps Perkinson, ‘‘The Birth of the Texas
Prison Empire’’ (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, ), esp. chaps. , , . An excellent (and
brief ) introduction to the Fujianese diaspora is Kenneth Pomeranz and Steven Topic,
TheWorld That Trade Created: Society,Culture, and theWorld Economy, to the Present
(Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, ), –.
. Strickland quoted in John Taylor (of Caroline),Arator: Being a Series of Agricultural
Essays, Practical and Political: In Sixty-Four Numbers, ed. M. E. Bradford ( and later
dates; Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, ), . See also Taylor’s subsequent references
to Strickland, and editor Bradford’s notes, , , , , –. Following paragraphs
on Taylor are based onArator(page numbers for quotations are provided in the text);
–