3 Apoptosis pathways 123
4 The Bcl-2 protein family 125
5 Structure and channel-forming activity 127
6 Activation of the multidomain Bcl-2 proteins 128
7 ‘BH3-domain-only’ proteins as multidomain protein
activators130
8 How do the multidomain Bcl-2 proteins trigger the release
of proteins from the intermembrane space of the
mitochondria?131
9 Activities of the mitochondrial proteins released 138
10 Bax and mitochondrial respiration 139
11 Conclusion 140Section III Cell Death in Model Systems
Chapter7 Regulators and applications of yeast apoptosis
Kai-Uwe Fröhlich and Frank Madeo141
1 Introduction 141
2 Expression of metazoan apoptotic genes induces cell death
in yeast141
3 Mutations leading to apoptosis in yeast 143
4 ROS are central regulators of yeast apoptosis 144
5 DNA damage induces yeast apoptosis 146
6 Speculations about the origin of apoptosis 146
7 Apoptosis and aging in yeast 147
8 Applications of yeast apoptosis to plant research 148
9 Applications of yeast apoptosis for medical research 149
10 Perspectives 150
Chapter 8 Evolution of cell death: caspase-mediated mechanisms in
early metazoans; noncaspase mechanisms in single-celled
eukaryotes
Angelika Böttger and Charles N.David151
1 Introduction 151
2 Cell death in Cnidaria and Porifera 152vi