Genetics of Apoptosis

3 Cell death in single-celled eukaryotes 156

4 Conclusions 160

Chapter 9 Programmed cell death in C.elegans

Anton GartnerArno Alpi and Björn Schumacher

161

1 Introduction 161

2 Identity and origin of cells undergoing programmed cell

death during the somatic development of C.elegans

161

3 Identity and origin of cells undergoing programmed cell

death in the C.elegans germ line

162

4 Identification and quantification of programmed cell death

in C.elegans

163

5 Mutants define four distinct steps in the core apoptotic

pathway

165

6 Four genes, egl-1, ced-3, ced-4, andced-9, define a genetic

pathway needed for (almost) all programmed cell deaths

167

7 egl-1, ced-3, ced-4, and ced-9 are functionally conserved

throughout evolution

168

8 EGL-1, CED-3, CED-4, and CED-9 are part of a molecular

framework regulating programmed cell death

169

9 Modulators and downstream components of the cell-death

pathway

170

10 The regulation of programmed cell death in specific cell types 171

11 Germ-line cell death 173

12 Genes required for the engulfment of dying cells 177

13 Potential functions of programmed cell death in C.elegans 181

14 Conclusion 182

Chapter 10 Apoptosis in Drosophila
Kristin White

185

1 Introduction 185

2 Genetic screens uncover genes important in developmental

apoptosis

185

3 How Rpr, Hid, Grim, and SkI initiate apoptosis 186

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