Malek Besbes Hlila, Habib Mosbah, Kaouther Majouli et al.156
These identified compounds comprise tannic acid (1), catechin (2),
protocatechuic acid (3), resorcinol (4), methyl gallate (5), vanillic acid (6), p
coumaric acid (9), taxifolin (10), naringin (12), naringenin- 7 - O-glucoside (13),
rutin (14), methyl- 4 - hydroxybenzoate (15), morin (17), hesperetin (18). In
contrast, (7), (8), (11), (16), (19), (20), (21), (22) and (23) are unknown
compounds. The most abundant phenolic compounds were protocatechuic acid
in SR 4 (71.94%), rutin in SR 2 (41.46%) and taxifolin in SR 3 (59.42%). Tannic
acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid, resorcinol, methyl gallate, p-coumaric
acid, taxifolin, naringin, naringenin- 7 - O-glucoside, methyl- 4 - hydroxy
benzoate, morin and hesperetin were identified for the first time in the
Scabiosa genus. Rutin was identified previously in Scabiosa atropurpurea L.
[16], vanilic acid was identified also in Scabiosa hymettiaBoiss. et Spruner
[21]. As far as we know, there are no relevant reports on the anti-coxsackie B 3
of the phenolic compounds found in the EtOAc fraction of S. arenaria roots.
The significant anti-coxsackie B 3 activity of SR 1 can be explained by the
presence of hesperetin in important percent 18.09%, this flavonoid was shown
to inhibit replication of poliovirus type 1, which belong to the family
Picornaviridae like coxsackie B 3 [39]. Concerning, the subfraction SR 4 ,
presented also an interesting anti-coxsakie B 3 , the tannic acid, belong to
hydrolysable tannin may contribute to this activity. In literature, this type of
polyphenols showed potent anti-coxsackie B 3 activity [40]. Taxifolin,
represent the main compound in the subfraction SR 3 (59.42%), this can be the
cause of the decrease of its antiviral activity, in fact and according to Beladi et
al. [41], this compound hasn’t any effect on poliovirus types 2 and 3, which
belong to the family Picornaviridae like CVB3.
The antiviral activity of SR 2 was also moderate; this result can be due to
the presence of rutin and naringin, which constitute more than 50% of the total
SR 2 compounds. These two flavonoids were shown in the literature hasn’t any
effect on virus belonging to Picornaviridae family, as poliovirus type 1, type 2,
type 3 and Coxsackie B strains [42, 39]. Catechin, protocatechuic acid, vanillic
acid, trans- 4 - hydroxycinnamic acid and morin found in this active fraction
have been reported to inhibit the replication of many viruses belonging to
other family of virus [43, 46]. The isolation of phenolic compounds identified
in SR 1 and SR 4 is required to confirm its good anti-coxsackie B 3 activity. In
addition, up to 9 compounds were unknown and are the subject of future
purification and characterization efforts.