176 Self and the Phenomenon of Life
b2726 Self and the Phenomenon of Life: A Biologist Examines Life from Molecules to Humanity “9x6”During the attack, EEG shows the REM pattern and the patient falls
into a dream state, which may intermingle with wakefulness. It is an
autoimmune disease in which the orexin-producing cells (responsible
for arousal) in the hypothalamus are destroyed. The disease has been
demonstrated in animal models.
Notes and References
- The subjective, qualitative aspects of sense data are called qualia in the
philosophy of mind. - The most fundamental exteroception is touch, which is intuitively used by
most people as a test for reality of an object, as happens when a visual
image is in doubt. - Gallup GG Jr. (1970) Chimpanzees: Self recognition. Science 167: 86–87.
- Amsterdam B. (1972) Mirror self-image reactions before age two. Develop
Psychobiol 5: 297–305. - Reiss D. (2011) Dolphins in the Mirror. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Plotnik JM, de Waal FBM, Reiss D. (2006) Self-recognition in an Asian
elephant. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 17053–17057. - Premack DG, Woodruff G. (1978) Does the chimpanzee have a theory of
mind? Behavioral and Brain Sci 1: 515–526. - Perner WH Jr. (1983) Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constrain-
ing function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of decep-
tion. Cognition 13: 103–128. - Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U. (1985) Does the autistic child have a
“theory of mind”? Cognition 21: 37–46. - James W. (1890) The Principles of Psychology. Henry Holt; republished by
Dover, New York, 1950. - Livingston RB. (1959) in Handbook of Physiol Sect. 1: Neurophysiology; Field
J, Magoun HW, Hail VE. eds. Am Physiol Soc Wash., D.C, Vol. 1, p. 741. - It is estimated that 25% of an adult person’s energy, and 50% of a new-
born’s, is spent in the brain. - Baumeister RF, Sommer KL. (1997) Consciousness, free choice, and
automaticity. In: Wyer RS Jr. ed. Advan Soc Cognition Vol. 10. Erlbaum,
Mahwah.