Self And The Phenomenon Of Life: A Biologist Examines Life From Molecules To Humanity

232 Self and the Phenomenon of Life

b2726 Self and the Phenomenon of Life: A Biologist Examines Life from Molecules to Humanity “9x6”

Notes and References

1. NBC News: How did amnesiac dubbed “John Smith” end up one thousand
   miles from home? By Henry Austin, April 10, 2014.


2. Dementia is defined as loss of cognitive function, the ability to make sense
   of and deal with the external world.


3. Grant L. (2000) Remind Me Who I am, Again! Granta Books, London.
   (Quoted with permission from Linda Grant.)


4. Hippocampus is the Greek word for sea horse, so named because of its
   shape. Unlike most other areas of the cerebral cortex which are made up of
   six-layered neurons (isocortex or neocortex), the hippocampus belongs to
   the evolutionarily older type of cortex and has only three layers of neurons
   (allocortex or archicortex).


5. Scoville WB, Milner B. (1957) Loss of recent memory after bilateral
   hippocampal lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 20: 11–21.


6. Some people use “working memory” to denote the “ultra-short” type of
   short-term memory, such as keeping a phone number in your head for
   the duration of dialing it. Nonetheless, the distinction between working
   memory and consciousness is blurred.


7. James W. (1890) The Principles of Psychology. vol. 1, Henry Holt; Dover,
   New York, 1950, p. 379.


8. Hassabis D, Kumaran D, Vann SD, Maguire EA. (2007) Patients with
   hippocampal amnesia cannot imagine new experiences. Proc Natl Acad Sci
   USA 104: 1726–1731.


9. Morris RGM. (1981) Spatial localization does not require the presence
   of local cues. Learning and Motivation 2: 239–260; Barnes CA. (1979)
   Memory deficits associated with senescence: A neurophysiological and
   behavioral study in the rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 93: 74–104.


10. Luo AH, Tahsili-Fahadan P, Wise RA, et al. (2011) Linking context with
    reward: A functional circuit from hippocampal CA3 to ventral tegmental
    area. Science 333: 353–357.


11. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, et al. (2013) Principles of Neural
    Science. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York; Squire LR, Kandel ER (1999)
    Memory: from mind to molecules. Scientific Am Lib New York.


12. Murphy GG, Glanzman DL. (1999) Cellular Analog of Differential Classical
    Conditioning in Aplysia: Disruption by the NMDA Receptor Antagonist
    DL-2-Amino-5-Phosphonovalerate. J Neurosci 19: 10595–10602.