Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Vochysia divergens ... 103sp. LGMF1145), Irpex (Irpex lacteus LGMF1153), Peniophora (Peniophora
laxitexta LGMF1159), and Polyporus (Polyporus sp. LGMF1191). Endophytic
fungi in this phylum are unusual, as Basidiomycota are usually isolated as
mycorrhizal fungi from plants in the family Orchidaceae or directly from the
environment (Rungjindamai et al. 2008). We report here, for the first time,
endophytic strains belonging to the genera Antrodia and Irpex. Antrodia and
Irpex species are normally associated with diseases in roots (Kim et al. 2001;
Tavčar et al. 2006). Peniophora, however, is an endophyte that was previously
isolated from Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinaceae) in northeast China (Wang et al.
2005), and Polyporus is an endophyte that was isolated from branches and
bark of Taxus globosa (Rivera-Orduña et al. 2011). Polyporus species are
recognized as producers of numerous metabolites that are effective in treating
effluents from the textile industry (Sinegani et al. 2011).
Ascomycota strains represented 96% of the isolates, and these isolates
were classified as belonging to the classes Dothideomycetes and
Sordariomycetes.
Sordariomycetes
The phylogenetic trees (Figures 3 to 8) show that the Sordariomycetes
strains segregate into five distinct clades, residing in the genera Daldinia
(n = 1), Colletotrichum (n = 3), Lanceispora (n = 4), Nigrospora (n = 5) and
Diaporthe (n = 5), and one other clade (Xylariaceae) which genus remain to be
elucidated (n = 11).
Xylariaceae
In the Xylariaceae family, twelve isolates were attributed, but using ITS
sequences (Figure 3). The isolate LGMF1131 was identified as Daldinia sp.
and the species was not clarified (Figure 3 and 4). However, the strains
LGMF1114, LGMF1115, LGMF1119, LGMF1120, LGMF1123, LGMF1124,
LGMF1126, LGMF1127, LGMF1128, LGMF1130, and LGMF1134 in the
ITS tree clustered on two isolated branch and were characterized as
Xylariaceae 1 and Xylariaceae 2 (Figure 3). To verify whether these strains
constitute to a new genus, we sequenced the LSU region of strains
LGMF1119, LGMF1131 and LGMF1134 (Figure 5). Strain LGMF1131
clustered with the Daldinia genus in the LSU analysis, whereas strains
LGMF1119 (Xylariaceae 1) and LGMF1134 (Xylariaceae 2) formed a clade
distinct from other genera in the Xylariaceae family. These data suggest that