110 Y. M. Hokama, D. C. Savi, B. Assad et al.
and LGMF141 are clustered with strains named as Diaporthe sp. 1 from Brazil
(Gomes et al. 2013), showing 100% of similarity. However, strains
LGMF1144 and LGMF1157 formed a clade with long branch suggesting these
isolates belong to a new species of Diaporthe. To more precisely assign strains
LGMF1144 and LGMF1157 to a taxon, multilocus sequencing is suggested, as
used previously for endophytic strains from Brazilian medicinal plants (Gomes
et al. 2013). Diaporthe species are frequently isolated endophytes found in
several plants (Hakizimana et al. 2011; Singh et al. 2011; Gomes et al. 2013).
Lanceispora
Isolates LGMF1142, LGMF1143, LGMF151, and LGMF1152 showed
high sequence similarity with the species Lanceispora amphibia (family
Amphisphaeriaceae; GenBank accession number LC146743). Even though the
genus Lanceispora was described by Nakagiri et al. in 1997 and was found to
comprise two species, L. amphibia and L. phyllophila, there are no L.
phyllophila sequences available in public databases, thus complicating the
identification of our isolates at the species level. Both L. amphibia and L.
phyllophila were identified as endophytes, first isolated from Bruguiera
gymnorrhiza in mangrove forests in the Southwest Islands of Japan and from
unknown dicotyledonous leaves in Singapore (Nakagiri et al. 1997; Sarma et
al. 2001). It is interesting that we isolated strains of this genus from medicinal
plants in Brazil, showing the high level of biodiversity in Pantanal of Mato
Grosso do Sul.
Dothideomycetes
Dothideomycetes order are commonly isolated as endophytes from a wide
number of plants (Crous et al. 2006). In our study, based on the phylogenetic
trees (Figures 9 to 12) the endophytic strains belonging to Dothideomycetes
were attributed to six genera: Phyllosticta (n = 38), Pseudofusicoccum (n = 2),
Neofusicoccum (n = 2), Cladosporium (n = 1), Annellosympodiella (n = 1) and
Phaeosphaeria (n = 1).
Phyllosticta
Among the isolates belonging to the genus Phyllosticta genus (Table 1,
Figure 9), strains LGMF1172 and LGMF1193 are most closely related to the
species Phyllosticta podocarpi, P. pseudotsudae, P. owaniana, and P.
bifrenariae, however with high genetic distance when compared with others
Phyllosticta species in the phylogenetic tree (Figure 9). The remaining
Phyllosticta isolates were identified as Phyllosticta capitalensis, supported by