Endophytic Fungi Are Multifunctional Biosynthesizers 43
(Suryanarayanan et al., 2000 ; Mohali et al., 2005 and Šraj-Kržič et al., 2006).
Additionally, they isolated from various habitats such as xeric environments,
mesic temperature, and extreme arctic and tropical forests. Endophytic fungi
were found in hepatics and mosses (Mohali et al., 2005). Moreover, a lot of
them wrer found in gymnosperms and angiosperms including tropical palms
and the estuarine plants Spartina alterniflora, Salicornia perennis and Suada
fruticosa (Fröhlich and Hyde, 2000 and Hyde et al., 2000). Furthermore, they
exist in ferns and fern allies and broad-leaved trees (Amatangelo and Vitousek,
2 008) as illustrated in Table 1.
Table 1. Examples of endophytic mycobiota in various host
plants worldwide
Host Tissue or
organ
No. of
species
Location References
Abies alba Branch 44 Germany,Poland Kowalski and Kehr,
(1992)
A. rubra Leaves bases 25 British,
Columbia
Sieber et al., (1991)
Betula pendula Branch bases 23 Poland Germany, Kowalski and Kehr,
(1992)
Cuscuta reflexa Stems 45 India Suryanarayanan et al.,
(2000)
Euterpe
oleracea
Leaves 62 Brazil Rodrigues, (1994)
Heisteria
concinna
Leaves 242 Panama Arnold et al., (2000)
Licuala ramsayi Leaves 11 Australia Rodrigues and
Samuels, (1992)
Musa
acuminata
leaves 24 Hong Kong Brown et al., (1998)
Ouratea lucens Leaves 259 Panama Arnold et al., (2000)
P. mariana Roots 97 Ontario Summerbell, (1989)
Quercus ilex Twigs,
Leaves
149 Spain Collado et al., (2000)
Salicornia
perennis
Stems 31 United Kingdom Petrini and Fisher,
(1986)
Tilia cordata Leaves 17 Germany Pehl and Butin, (1994)
Vitis vinifera Leaves,
Stems
46 South Africa Mostert et al., (2000)
Zea mays Leaves,
Stems
23 United Kingdom Fisher et al., (1992)