66 Khaled A. Selim, Mohamed M. S. Nagia and Dina E. El. Ghwas
system contains six α-amino acid residues connected to a β-amino acid from
the metabolites of Talaromyces wortmannii an Aloe vera derived endophyt
(Bara et al., 2013). Very recently this year this method was used to identify the
absolute configuration of a novel cyclic hepta-peptide unguisin F (41) obtained
from the Mucor irregularis that was associated with the medicinal plant
Moringa stenopetala found in Cameroon (Akone et al., 2016).
By means of spectectral, chiral HPLC and X-ray crystallographic data two
new cyclic peptides were identified from the broth of mangrove endophytic
fungus isolated from the leaves of Kandelia candel growing in Hong Kong.
Their structures were assigned as cyclo-(D-Leu-Gly-L-Tyr-L-Val-Gly-S-
OLeu) and cyclo-(D-Leu-Gly-L-Phe-L-Val-Gly-S-O-Leu) (Huang et al.,
2007). Cycloaspeptide A (42) is a cyclic peptide isolated from the extracts of
the fermentation broth of Penicillium janczewskii isolated from the phloem of
the Chileangymnosperm Prumnopitys andina (Schmeda-Hirschmann et al.,
2008). The bioassay guided fractionation of a plant associated fungus
identified as Aspergillus tubingensis isolated from Brucea javanica lead to the
isolation of a cyclic penta-peptide namely malformin A1 (43) which showed a
high anti-Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activities (Tan et al., 2015). Figure (6)
summarize the diversity of peptides metabolites isolated from endophytic
fungi (structures from 35-43).
10.5. Steroids
Aspergillus sp. is extensively found to be associated with marine algae. In
addition, many steroids have been isolated from different Aspergillus sp., 7-
Nor-ergosterolide (44) was characterized from Aspergillus ochraceus EN- 31
an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine brown alga Sargassum
kjellmanianum. It was the first report of a natural 7-nor-ergosteroid possessing
a pentalactone B-ring system and it displayed cytotoxic activities against
different cell lines (Cui et al., 2010). Another steroid, Asporyergosterol (45)
was identified from the broth extract of marine red algae Heterosiphonia
japonica derived Aspergillus oryzae. This novel steroid is characterized by
having an E double bond between C-17 and C-20 (Qiao et al., 2010).
Aspergillus flavus isolated from another marine red alga Corallina officinalis
produced a new steroid, namely 3β, 4α-dihydroxy- 26 - methoxyergosta-7, 24
(28)-dien- 6 - one (46) together with other previously reported steroids (Qiao et
al., 2011).