Endophytic Fungi Are Multifunctional Biosynthesizers 73summarize the diversity of terpenoidal metabolites isolated from endophytic
fungi (structures from 60-84).
10.7. Others (New Chemical Classes)
Examples of compounds isolated and characterized from Endophytic fungi
belong to various chemical groups will be displayed in this section. Taxol (85)
the world wide famous anticancer drug is a densely function-groups
substituted diterpene derivative was firstly reported from endophytic fungi in
1993 from Taxomyces andreanae isolated from the yew Taxus brevifolia
(Huang et al., 2008). From culture extract of Curvularia sp. obtained from the
leaves of the Brazilian plant Ocotea corymbosa two new benzopyranes were
obtained together with two other related compounds. Depending on their
spectral data their structures were (2S)- 2 - (propan-2-ol)- 5 - hydroxy-
benzopyran- 4 - one (86) and 2, 3-dihydro- 2 - methyl-benzopyran-4, 5-diol (87).
The antifungal and cytotoxic activities against different cell lines were tested
(Teles et al., 2005). An isolate of an endophytic fungus from the marine brown
algae defined as Aspergillus niger EN-13 produced a novel antifungal
naphthoquinoneimine derivative named 5,7-dihydroxy- 2 - (1-(4-methoxy- 6 -
oxo- 6 H-pyran- 2 - yl)- 2 - phenylethylamino)(1,4)naphthoquinone ( 88 ) (Zhang et
al., 2007). Three chlorinated benzophenones were characterized from the
culture extracts of the plant endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis adusta, namely
Pestalachlorides A–C ( 89 - 91), X-ray crystallography was used to confirm the
structures of compounds (89-91) Pestalachlorides A was obtained as a racemic
mixture (Li et al., 2008).
In 2012 four butyrolactone derivatives were isolated from the endophytic
fungus Aspergillus flavipes MM2 associated with Egyptian rice hulls were
reported, namely butyrolactone I (92), aspulvinone H (93), butyrolactone-V
(94) and 4, 4’-diydroxypulvinone (95). The antimicrobial activity of these
compounds against various microorganisms and their cytotoxicity was
screened using brine shrimp (Nagia et al., 2012). Recently the chemical
investigation of the broth extract of endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus
from isolated from the roots of Carthamus lanatus resulted in the isolation of
two novel butyrolactones, Aspernolides F (96) and G (97). The antimicrobial
and antileishmanial activity of these compounds were tested (Ibrahim et al.,
2015). Figure (9) summarize the diversity of new classes of endophytic
metabolites (structures from 85-97).