Human Physiology, 14th edition (2016)

749

Interactions

Integumentary System

• The skin serves as a sexual
  stimulant and helps to protect the
  body from pathogens (p. 494)


• Sex hormones affect the
  distribution of body hair, deposition
  of subcutaneous fat, and other
  secondary sexual characteristics
  (p. 711)

Skeletal System

• The pelvic girdle supports and
  protects some reproductive organs
  (p. 723)


• Sex hormones stimulate bone
  growth and maintenance (p. 692)

Muscular System

• Contractions of smooth muscles
  aid the movement of gametes
  (p. 393)


• Contractions of the myometrium
  aid labor and delivery (p. 744)


• Cremaster muscles help to
  maintain proper temperature of the
  testes (p. 705)


• Testosterone promotes an increase
  in muscle mass (p. 322)

Nervous System

• Autonomic nerves innervate the
  organs of male reproduction to
  stimulate erection and ejaculation
  (p. 720)


• Autonomic nerves promote aspects
  of the human sexual response (p. 712)


• The CNS, acting through the
  pituitary, coordinates different
  aspects of reproduction (p. 336)


• The limbic system of the brain is
  involved in sexual drive (p. 219)


• Gonadal sex hormones influence
  brain activity (p. 337)

Endocrine System

• The anterior pituitary controls the
  activity of the gonads (p. 332)
  
  
  • Testosterone secreted by the
    testes maintains the structure and
    function of the male reproductive
    system (p. 714)
  
  
  • Estradiol and progesterone
    secreted by the ovaries regulates
    the female accessory sex organs,
    including the endometrium of the
    uterus (p. 731)
  
  
  • Hormones secreted by the
    placenta are needed to maintain a
    pregnancy (p. 743)
  
  
  • Prolactin and oxytocin are required
    for production of breast milk and
    the milk-ejection reflex (p. 746)
  
  
  
  

Circulatory System

• The circulatory system transports
  oxygen and nutrients to the
  reproductive organs (p. 405)


• The fetal circulation permits
  the fetus to obtain oxygen and
  nutrients from the placenta (p. 742)


• Estrogen secreted by the ovaries
  helps raise the level of
  HDL-cholesterol carriers in
  the blood, lowering the risk of
  atherosclerosis (p. 438)

Immune System

• The immune system protects the
  body, including the reproductive
  system, against infections (p. 494)


• The blood-testis barrier prevents
  the immune system from attacking
  sperm in the testes (p. 716)


• The placenta is an immunologically
  privileged site; it is protected
  against rejection by the mother’s
  immune system (p. 741)

Respiratory System

• The lungs provide oxygen for
  all body systems, including the
  reproductive system, and provide
  for the elimination of carbon
  dioxide (p. 533)
  
  
  • The red blood cells of a fetus
    contain hemoglobin F, which has a
    high affinity for oxygen (p. 563)
  
  
  
  

Urinary System

• The kidneys regulate the volume,
  pH, and electrolyte balance of the
  blood and eliminate wastes (p. 582)


• The male urethra transports urine
  as well as semen (p. 584)

Digestive System

• The GI tract provides nutrients
  for all of the organs of the body,
  including those of the reproductive
  system (p. 620)


• Nutrients obtained from the GI
  tract of the mother can cross the
  placenta to the embryo and fetus
  (p. 743)

HPer Links of the Reproductive System with Other Body Systems

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