Boudreau, P. R., Dickie, L. M. & Kerr, S. R. (1991).
Body-size spectra of production and
biomass as system-level indicators of
ecological dynamics.Journal of Theoretical
Biology, 152 , 329–339.
Brander, K. (1981). Disappearance of common
skate Raia batis from Irish Sea.Nature, 290 ,
48–49.
Brown, J.H. & Gillooly, J.F. (2003). Ecological
food webs: high-quality data facilitate
theoretical unification.Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences USA, 100 ,
1467–1468.
Brown,J.H.,Gillooly,J.F.,Allen,A.P.,Savage,V.M.
& West, G.B. (2004). Towards a metabolic
theory of ecology.Ecology, 85 , 1771–1789.
Charnov, E. L. (1993).Life History Invariants.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cohen, J. E., Pimm, S. L., Yodzis, P. & Saldan ̃a,J.
(1993). Body sizes of animal predators and
animal prey in food webs.Journal of Animal
Ecology, 62 , 67–78.
Cohen, J. E., Jonsson, T. & Carpenter, S.R. (2003).
Ecological community description using the
food web, species abundance and body size.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA, 100 , 1781–1786.
Cushing, D. H. (1975).Marine Ecology and Fisheries.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cyr, H. (2000). Individual energy use and the
allometry of population density. InScaling in
Biology, ed. J.H. Brown and G.B. West. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, pp. 267–295.
Daan, N., Gislason, H., Pope, J. G. & Rice, J.C.
(2005). Changes in the North Sea fish
community: evidence of the indirect effects
of fishing?ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62 ,
177–188.
Damuth, J. (1981). Population density and body
size in mammals.Nature, 290 , 699–700.
Denney, N. H., Jennings, S. & Reynolds, J. D.
(2002). Life history correlates of
maximum population growth rates in
marine fishes.Proceedings of the Royal
Society: Biological Sciences, 269 , 2229–2237.Dickie, L. M. (1976). Predation, yield and
ecological efficiency in aquatic food chains.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,
33 , 313–316.
Dickie, L. M., Kerr, S. P. & Schwinghamer, P.
(1987a). An ecological approach to fisheries
assessment.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences, 44 (Supplement 2), 68–74.
Dickie, L.M., Kerr, S. R. & Boudreau, P. R. (1987b).
Size-dependent processes underlying
regularities in ecosystem structure.
Ecological Monographs, 57 , 233–250.
Dulvy, N. K., Polunin, N. V.C. Mill, A. C. &
Graham, N.A. J. (2004). Size structural
change in lightly exploited reef fish
communities: evidence for weak indirect
effects.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences, 61 , 466–475.
Dulvy, N. K., Sadovy, Y. & Reynolds, J.D.
(2003). Extinction vulnerability in marine
populations.Fish and Fisheries, 4 , 25–64.
Duplisea, D. E. & Kerr, S. R. (1995). Application of
a biomass size spectrum model to demersal
fish data from the Scotian shelf.Journal of
Theoretical Biology, 177 , 263–269.
Duplisea, D. E., Jennings, S., Warr, K. J. &
Dinmore, T.A. (2002). A size-based model to
predict the impacts of bottom trawling on
benthic community structure.Canadian
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59 ,
1785–1795.
FAO (2005).Review of the State of World Marine
Fishery Resources. FAO Fisheries Technical
Paper 457. Rome.
Fenchel, T. (1974). Intrinsic rate of natural
increase: the relationship with body size.
Oecologia, 14 , 317–326.
Frank, K. T. & Leggett, W. C. (1994). Fisheries
ecology in the context of ecological and
evolutionary theory.Annual Review of Ecology
and Systematics, 25 , 401–422.
Fry, B. & Quinones, R.B. (1994). Biomass spectra
and stable-isotope indicators of trophic level
in zooplankton of the northwest Atlantic.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 112 , 201–204.282 S. JENNINGS AND J. D. REYNOLDS